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百词话百年（三）

14.1909年JAZZ（爵士乐）Enough to form a jazz group are credited with lending their names to this word. A dancing slave called Jasper on a New Orleans plantation in 1825? Mr. Razz, a conductor? Charles or Chaz, a Vicksburg drummer? 是谁以自己的名字创造这个词，候选人之多足以组成一个爵士乐队。是1825年美国新奥尔良州种植园里那个名叫贾斯珀的会跳舞的奴隶？是音乐指挥拉茨先生？还是美国维克斯堡的鼓手查尔斯什么的？

15.1910年Girl Guide (女童子军)　Agnes Baden Powell's organization for girls. Originally with blue serge skirts, straw hats, haversacks and poles.阿格尼丝.巴登.鲍威尔建立的少女组织。女童子军最早的装束是蓝哗叽裙、草帽、粗帆布背包和童子军棍。

16.1911年Air Raid (空袭)　The first air raid dropped two hand-held bombs from an Italian biplane on a Libyan airfield.第一次空袭的情况是这样的：一架意大利双翼飞机从空中向一个利比亚空军基地投下两颗便携式炸弹。

17.1912年Schizophrenia（精神分裂症）A psychotic disorder characterized by progressive deterioration of the personality.以人格逐渐衰退为特点的精神错乱。

（待续）

English idioms - parts of the body (part one)

English idioms are more common in spoken English. They can be difficult to remember, so here's a guide to some common English idioms to do with parts of your body.

Heart

to break someone's heart = to upset someone a great deal
"She broke his heart when she left him".

to learn something by heart = to learn something until you know it perfectly
"I've learnt the Highway Code by heart - they can ask me any question they like in the exam - I'm bound to pass!"

you're all heart! = when you tell someone sarcastically how kind they are
"Thanks for giving me all this extra work - you're all heart!"

hand on heart = to promise with sincerity
"Hand on heart, it's the honest truth."

have the heart = to be able to break bad news to someone
"I didn't have the heart to tell him he'd failed his exam."

a heart of gold = to be a very kind person
"She'll do anything to help - she has a heart of gold."

Hand

hand over = pass on something
"Before I leave the company, I have to hand over all the responsibilities to my successor."

to get out of hand = to become impossible to manage
"You'll have to deal with this problem before it gets out of hand."

to know something like the back of your hand = to know something extremely well
"He knows London like the back of his hand"

have your hands full = to be very busy
"I can't do anything about it now - my hands are full."

in hand = under control
"The company report is in hand - you'll have it next week."

live hand to mouth = to only earn enough money for food
"After he lost his job, he had to live hand to mouth for a couple of months."

give someone a hand = to help someone
"Can you give me a hand with the housework, please?"

to have someone in the palm of your hand = to have a lot of influence over someone
"He's got her in the palm of his hand - he can make her do anything he wants!"

to be caught red-handed = to be caught doing something bad
"The children were caught red-handed picking the neighbor's flowers."