托福词汇研究 Unit 6 - Unit 8
Unit 6
blush v.害羞;脸红 [ME<OE blyscan]
bluster v.狂吹;咆哮 [16th c.: ult. imit.]
bode v.预示 [OE bodian<boda messenger送信的人,信差,报信者]
bog n.沼泽;泥塘
boggle v.n.惊跳;畏缩不前 [prob<dial boggle BOGEY(高尔夫)以高于标准杆数(par)一杆入<洞>
BOGY
似沼泽的;多沼泽的 BOG] [湿地,沼泽 陷于泥淖;变得动弹不得]
bogus a.假的;伪造的 [19th-c. US word]
boisterous a.喧闹的 [var of ME boistous]
bolster v.支持;援助;垫木 [20th c.: orig. uncert.]
bolt n.闩门;螺钉脱党 [ME<OF bulter, bulete]
bombardment n.炮击 [bombard 炮轰;轰炸 The artillery ~ed the enemy all
day
炮兵终日炮轰敌人;质问 med.L bombarda a] [stone-throwing engine:
BOMB]
bombastic a.夸大的 [earlier bombace cotton wool<F<medL bombax -acis
alt<bombyx; bombast大话;夸大的]
bonanza n.富矿带;幸运物;幸运 [orig US<Sp, = fair weather,<L
bonus good]
bondage n.奴役;囚禁 [ME<AL bondagium: infl by BOND 束缚;连结物;盟约;联盟]
bonfire n.(庆祝或信号)大沟火;火 [earlier bonefire <BONE (bones
being the chief
material formerly used) + FIRE]
bonnet n.妇女帽;共谋者 [ME<OF bonet short for chapel de bonet cap of
some kind
of material(medL bonetus)]
bonny a.美丽的;健康的 [16th c: perh<F bon good =bonnie]
bonus n.奖金;分红;退还款项 [L bonus, bonum good (thing)]
boom v.n.响声;忽然兴隆;宣传 [Du., = BEAM n.]
booming a.景气的;受欢迎的;隆隆响 [~ toy sales
日趋兴隆的玩具销售]
boon n.恩惠;愉快的;温和的 [ME (orig. = jolly, congenial) <OF bon
<L bonus good]
boor n.农民;乡下人;粗野的人 [LG bur or Du boer farmer: cf BOWER
=Boer boorish粗野的]
boost v.推动 [booster 援助者;升压机;推进器]
booth n.摊棚;电话亭 [ME<Scand.]
bootless a.无用的 [OE botleas(BOOT, LESS)BOOT(<OE "利益")to
boot 另外,加之,而且 (常~s)
长靴,长统鞋,半长 靴],[高腰鞋 5(the ~)(俚)解雇,革职,开革]
booze v.酒宴;饮酒 [earlier bouse, bowse,<MDu busen drink to excess]
bore v.n.钻孔;使厌;无聊的人 [ME, perh<ON b a wave]
boreal a.北的;北风的 [ME <F boreal or LL borealis <L Boreas <Gk
Boreas god of
the north wind]
boredom n.无聊;令人厌烦的事物
bosom n.胸;怀中;爱情;拥抱 [OE bosm<Gmc]
botany n.植物学(书) [botanic<F botanique or LL botanicus<Gk
botanikos<botane
plant botanical植物的;植物学的]
botch v.拙笨地修补;糟蹋 [botcher 扭劣的工匠;笨手笨脚的人]
bouillon n.肉汤;牛肉汤 [F<bouillir to boil]
boulder n.圆石头;玉石 [short for boulderstone, ME<Scand]
boulevard n.林荫大道
boundary n.界限,范围 [dial. bounder<BOUND + -ER perh. after limitary]
bounteous a.慷慨的;宽大的 [ME<OF bontif<bonte BOUNTY after
plenteous(诗)=
plentiful]
bountiful a.大方的 [ME<OF bontif<bonte BOUNTY(<L."好东西")慷慨,好施,博爱,仁爱,宽大
after
plenteous BOUNTY+] [FUL bounteous慷慨的,宽大的]
bounty n.慷慨,宽大;赠与 [f. L bonitas -tatis<bonus good]
bouquet n.花束;香味;(酒等)芳香 [F<dial var of OF bos, bois wood]
bourgeois n.中产阶级的人 [F: BURGESS 市民;议员]
bourn n.小河;目标;界限 [F borne <OF bodne BOUND]
bout n.一阵;一回;一次 [16th c: app the same as obs bought bending]
bovine a.似牛的;笨拙的 [LL bovinus<L bos bovis ox]
bowdlerize v.删去不妥的文句 [T Bowdler(d 1825), expurgator of Shakesp]
bower n.树荫;寝室;提琴演奏者 [G Bauer peasant, jack at cards, rel to
Du boer:
BOOR农民;乡下;佬]
boycott v.联合抵制 [Capt C C Boycott, Irish land-agent d 1897, so treated
from
1880]
brace v.支持;使固定 [ME<OF brace two arms, bracier embrace,<L
brachia arms
bracing紧张的;使心神清爽的;支柱]
bracelet n.手镯;手拷 [ME<OF, dimin. of bracel<L bracchiale<
bra(c)chium arm]
brackish a.混有盐的;作呕的 [obs brack(adj)<MLG, MDu brac]
brag n.自夸,吹牛,自夸的东西 [ME, orig. adj., = spirited, boastful:
orig. unkn.]
braggart n.吹牛;吹牛的 [F bragard<braguer BRAG自夸,夸耀,吹嘘()(of,
about)]
brake n.煞车器;丛林;煞车 [ME, perh shortened<BRACKEN, -en being
taken as a pl
ending]
bramble n.荆棘 [OE br'mbel(earlier br'mel): BROOM 扫帚(植物)金雀花]
brand n.品种;商标;烙印 [OE<Gmc]
brandish v.挥 [OF brandir ult<Gmc, rel to BRAND(<OE
"火焰")(打在商品上或牲畜身上的)烙印;商标]
brash a.性急的;仓促的;无礼的 [brashy 易碎的;脆弱的 ~ material
易碎的材质]
brat n.小鬼;小家伙 [a spoiled ~ 调皮捣蛋的小鬼;小坏蛋]
bravado n.作威;虚张的勇气 [Sp bravata<bravo: cf BRAVE, -ADO ado
骚扰;费力,麻烦;骚动;困难]
bravo int.n.好极!暴徒;刺客 [It.: BRAVE]
bravura n.勇敢尝试;华美演奏 [(<与 bravery 对应的意大利语)]
braw a.衣饰华美的;美好的 [var. of brawf BRAVE]
brawl v.争吵 [ME<OProv, rel to BRAY 驴的叫声,似驴叫的声音
喧哗 捣碎,擂碎,把捣成粉]
brawny a.肌肉结实的;强壮的 [brawn 肌肉;肌力,膂力,体力;人力,劳力]
braze v.用黄铜制;做黄铜色 [OE br'sen <br's BRASS]
brazen a.无耻的 [OE br'sen<br's brass brazenly ad.厚着脸皮地]
brazier n.火盆 [ME prob<BRASS + -IER, after glass, glazier]
breach n.破裂;违反法纪 [ME<OF breche, ult<Gmc]
breeze n.微风
brevity n.简洁 [AF brevete, OF brievete<bref BRIEF]
brew v.酿造;图谋 [OE breowan<Gmc]
bribe n.贿赂;收买 [ME <OF briber, brimber beg]
bridle n.v.缰绳;拘束;抑制;昂首 [OE bridel unbridled激烈的;不受约束的]
brigade n.旅;队;编成旅;分类 [F <It. brigata company <brigare be
busy with <briga
strife; a fire ~ 消防队]
brigand n.强盗 [ME<OF<It brigante<brigare: BRIGADE(军)旅(军队式组织之)团体,队,组]
brilliant a.灿烂的;显赫的;有才气的 [F brillant part of briller
shine<It brillare]
brim n.(杯、碗的)边 [ME brimme brimful盈满的]
brindled a.有斑纹的 [earlier brinded, brended<brend, perh of Scand
orig]
brink n.边缘(峭壁等的);水际
brisk a.活泼的 [prob F brusque BRUSQUE<态度、言词,人>莽撞的,粗率的,无礼的,唐突的
=BRUSK]
bristle v.竖立毛发;发怒 [ME bristel, brestel<OE byrst]
brittle a.脆的 [brittle star 阳遂足 (属棘皮动物,类似海盘车;亦称serpent
star)]
broach v.钻孔使流出;初次提出 [ME<OF broche(n), brocher(v)ult<L
brocc(h)us
projecting]
brocade n.织锦 [Sp & Port brocado<It broccato<brocco twisted
thread]
brochure n.小册子 [F, lit 'stitching',<brocher stitch]
broil v.烧;曝晒;争吵 [obs broil to muddle: cf EMBROIL 使事态混乱]
broker n.经纪人;股票经纪人 [a ~ house 证券公司 (<OE "给葡萄酒桶开口的人")]
bromide n.嗅化物;平凡人;陈腔滥调
bronchitis n.支气管炎
bronze n.a.青铜;青铜制品;青铜色 [F <It. bronzo, prob. <Pers.
birinj copper]
brooch n.胸针或领针 [ME broche = BROACH(<L."有突出之齿的")扩孔锥;螺旋钻;谈起,提起,提议;钻孔于<桶等>]
brood n.v.窝;孵;沉思 [OE brod<Gmc]
brook n.容忍;小河 [OE brucan<Gmc]
browbeat v.恫吓;威吓 [(brow + beat) ~ a person into working
威吓某人工作 ~ a person
out of going alone 吓阻某人单独去]
browse n.嫩叶;放牧;浏览书本 [(n)<earlier brouse<OF brost young
shoot,
prob<Gmc;(v)<F broster]
bruise v.打伤 [ME<OE brysan crush, reinforced by AF bruser, OF bruisier
break]
bruit v.传布;散布(谣言等) [F, = noise<bruire roar (对)咆哮,大叫;大笑(at)]
brunch n.早午餐 [BR(EAKFAST) + (L)UNCH]
brusque a.唐突的;粗率的 [F<It brusco sour =BRUSK]
brutal a.野蛮的 [F brutal or medL brutalis<brutus BRUTE brutality残忍,野蛮的行为
brute畜生;残暴的人;粗暴的]
brute n.畜生;残暴的人 [F<L brutus stupid]
bubble n.泡沫
buckle n.v.扣子;弯曲;扣住 [ME<OF boucle<L buccula cheek-strap of
a helmet<bucca
cheek: v<F boucler bulge(<L."袋")鼓起,凸] [<out>]
bucolic a.乡村的;牧人的 [L bucolicus<Gk boukolikos<boukolos
herdsman<bous OX]
bud n.芽;花蕾,未发育的东西
buddy n.同伴;伙伴;弟兄 [perh. corrupt. of brother, or var. of BUTTY]
budget n.预算;预算案;营运费 [ME = pouch,<OF bougette dimin. of
bouge leather bag<L
bulga (f. Gaulish) knapsack: cf. BULGE]
buffalo n.水牛;美国野牛 [prob. <Port. bufalo <LL bufalus <L
bubalus <Gk boubalos
antelope, wild ox =bison]
buffer n.缓冲器;减弱冲突的人 [18th c.: prob. formed as BUFFER or
with the sense
'stutterer']
buffet n.v.冷餐;殴打;冲击;搏斗
buffoon n.丑角;滑稽剧演员 [F bouffon <It. buffone <med.L buffo
clown <Rmc]
buffoonery n.滑稽 [F bouffon<It buffone<medL buffo clown<Rmc
buffoon
丑角,滑稽剧演员]
bug n.昆虫;故障;装置防犯铃 [buggy 多虫的;马车 (虫)amoeba
阿米巴,变形虫 aphis 芽虫,獐螂 beetle
甲虫;木槌;杵;v.凸出 bot ] [蝇的幼虫;马的肤病之一种
cantharides 斑螫;斑螫干燥制剂]
bugaboo n.鬼怪 [prob of dial orig: cf Welsh bwcibo the Devil, bwci
hobgoblin
调皮的小鬼 (小妖精) 鬼怪]
bugle n.喇叭
bulb n.球茎;灯泡 [L bulbus<Gk bolbos onion bulbous 球根的;球根状的]
bulge n.桶腰凸出部份;膨胀 [ME<OF boulge, bouge<L bulga: BUDGET]
bulk n.大小;容积;船舱 [sense 'cargo'<OIcel sense 'mass' etc perh
alt<obs bouk(cf
BUCK)]
bullion n.金块;银块 [AF = mint, var of OF bouillon ult<L bullire boil]
bullshit n.胡说 [BULL + SHIT]
bully n.恶霸;流氓;罐头牛肉 [F bouilli boiled beef<bouillir BOIL
bullyboy
暴徒,保镳;政治流氓]
bullyrag v.恐吓,欺凌
bulwark n.堡垒;防御 [ME<MLG, MDu bolwerk: BOLE树干(trunk), WORK]
bum n.游荡者;懒鬼
[prob abbr or back-form<BUMMER 讨厌之事 (状况) ;失望;失败(吸毒等)非常不愉快的经历
(事件, 面)]
bumpkin 乡下人,乡巴佬,土包子;粗鲁的人
bumble v.说话含糊 [BOOM+-LE: partly<bumble = blunderer饭桶,冒失鬼]
bumblebee n.大黄蜂
bummer n.无赖;游民;游荡者 [19th c.: perh. <G Bummler]
bumper n.缓冲挡;满杯;丰收;客满
bumpkin n.土包子;乡下人 [perh Du boomken little tree or MDu bommekijn
little
barrel]
bumptious a.傲慢的;唐突的 [BUMP 冲突;扑通;隆起部分, after
FRACTIOUS 易怒的;乖僻的;难驾驭的]
bumpy a.坑洼不平的;崎岖的 [a ~ road 崎岖不平的路 have a ~ ride
乘车颠簸而行]
bun n.面包;卷发;兔;栗鼠
bungle v.n.拙劣地工作;失败 [imit.: c<BUMBLE]
buoy n.浮标;救生圈; 支持;浮上 [ME prob<MDu bo(e)ye, ult<L boia
collar<Gk boeiai
ox-hides buoyancy 浮力;乐观的气质;(行情)上涨] [buoyant易浮的;快乐的]
buoyant a.能浮的,有浮力;轻快的 [F buoyant or Sp. boyante part. of
boyar float< boya
BUOY]
bureaucracy n.官僚政治 [F bureaucratie: BUREAU(美)(政府机关的)局((英)department)]
burgeon v.突然成长;萌芽 [ME<OF bor-, burjon ult<LL burra wool]
burglar n.夜贼;夜盗 [legal AF burgler, rel. to OF burgier pillage. ~
alarm
防盗警报器]
burial n.埋葬;葬礼
[ME, erron. formed as sing. of OE byrgels <Gmc: rel. to BURY. ~ ground
埋葬地,墓地. ~ service 葬礼 [式]
burlesque v.用文字、图画模仿以讽喻 [F<It burlesco<burla
mockery笑柄;虚假;赝品;模仿]
burly a.结实的;粗壮的;率直的 [ME borli prob<an OE form = 'fit for
the
bower'(BOWER)]
burnish v.光辉;光泽 [ME<OF burnir = brunir<brun BROWN]
burrow n.v.洞穴;潜伏;探索 [ME, app var of BOROUGH(<OE "有城堡的地方
(城镇)")(从前的)自治市镇]
bushed a.被草丛笼罩的;疲倦的
buskin n.悲剧演员的短统靴;悲剧 [prob. <OF bouzequin, var. of
bro(u)sequin]
buss n.v.接吻 [earlier bass (n. & v.): c<F baiser <L basiare]
bust n.半身像 [orig a(dial)pronunc of BURST<炸弹等>爆炸;<水泡、栗子等>爆裂]
bustle v.到处乱跑;喧躁;催促
buttress n.拱壁;支持物
[ME<OF(ars)bouterez thrusting(arch)<bouteret<bouter
BUTT连接两端;接界;残余部分;靶;嘲笑对象;以 头撞,以角抵,顶
buxom a.活泼的 [earlier sense pliant: ME<stem of OE bugan BOW+-SOME]
buzz v.n.嗡嗡声;蜂鸣
bye a.n.附属的;偶然的;秘密的 [BY as noun]
bypass v.省略
byre n.牛房 [OE byre: perh rel to BOWER]
byte n.(电脑)字节(八bit组成) [20th c.: perh. based on BIT and
BITE]
Unit 7
cab n.v.计乘车;驾驶室;自修书 [abbr. of CABRIOLET]
cabal n.派系;阴谋 [F cabale<medL cabala, CABBALA
犹太教的神秘哲学 秘法,秘教]
cache n.隐藏所 [F<cacher to hide]
cachet n.封印 [F<cacher press ult<L coactare constrain]
cackle v.呵呵笑 [ME prob<MLG, MDu kakelen(imit)]
cacodemon n.恶灵;恶鬼;恶人 [Gk kakodaimon <kakos bad + daimon
spirit]
cacography n.拼错字;抄错;拙劣的书法 [Gk kakos bad, after
orthography]
cacology n.措辞不当;发音不正 [LL cacologia <Gk kakologia
vituperation <kakos bad]
cacophony n.不调和的声音 [kakos bad+phone sound]
cad n.下流的男人;粗鄙的人 [abbr of CADDIE球童 in sense 'odd-job
man']
cadaver n.人之尸体 [ME<L<cadere fall cadaverous死尸一样的;憔悴的]
cadence n.韵律;调子 [ME<OF<It cadenza, ult<L cadere fall]
cadet n.陆海空军校学生;实习生 [F<Gascon dial capdet, ult<L
caput head]
cadge v.行乞勒索(金钱等);行商 [bind, carry]
cajole v.以甜言蜜语诱惑欺骗 [F cajoler]
calamity n.灾难;吹毛求疵的人 [calamitous 造成灾祸的 calamity
howler 杞人忧天者;悲观论者 Calamity
Jane 患难珍妮 (原名Martha] [Jane Canary(Burke)1852-1902,美国拓荒女英雄)]
caliber n.才干;才能;口径;器量 [同CALIBRE]
calligraphy n.书法 [call=kallos beauty+graphy]
calliope n.蒸汽琴;汽笛风琴 [Gk Kalliope muse of epic poetry(lit
'beautiful-voiced')]
callous a.无情的;结硬块的
[ME<L callosus(CALLUS)or F calleux callus老茧;愈合组织,肉状体
callosity
皮肤硬化,老茧,胼胝;无 感觉;无情
callow a.未成长的 [OE calu]
calorific a.生热的 [L calorificus<calor heat caloric 热(的)]
calumny n.诽谤;谗言 [calumniate诽谤;中伤]
cameo n.有浮雕的宝石 [ME<OF camahieu and medL cammaeus]
camouflage n.v.伪装;掩饰;隐瞒;欺瞒 [f camoufler disguise<It
camuffare disguise,
deceive]
canard n.虚报;谣言 [F, = duck]
candor n.坦白;率真
canker n.弊病 [cank螃蟹]
canny a.精明的;节俭的 [CAN(in sense 'know')+-Y]
canon n.宗教法规;教士;经典 [OE<L<Gk kanon, in ME also<AF
& OF canun, -on;in sense
ME<OF canonie<ecclL canonicus: cf] [CANONICAL根据教会法的;正规的,标准的]
cant n.黑话;伪善之言 [ME<MLG kant, kante, MDu cant, point, side,
edge, ult<L
cant(h)us iron tire]
cantata n.清唱剧 [cant=cantare sing]
canter n.慢步小跑 [short for Canterbury(坎特布里,英国大教堂)pace,
from the supposed
easy pace of medieval pilgrims to] [Canterbury]
canto n.长诗中的章 [It, = song,<L cantus]
canvass v.细究;讨论;检票 [orig = toss投掷,摇荡 in a sheet, agitate
摇动 CANVAS 帆布,油画]
capacious a.容量大的 [L capax -acis<capere hold capacity 包容力,
收容力;容积]
caparison n.装饰用马衣;给马穿衣 [<Sp caparazon saddle-cloth<capa
CAPE羔羊皮(产于好望角)拉丁文"头"岬,海角;好望角(Cape
of Good] [Hope)]
caper v.n.雀跃;嬉戏;把戏 [ME capres & F c res<L capparis<Gk
kapparis, treated as
pl: cf CHERRY, PEA 豌豆]
capillary a.毛细管的 [<capillus hair]
capitulate v.有条件地投降 [<L caput head]
caprice n.反复无常;任性 [F<It CAPRICCIO随想曲 capricious善变的,任性的,反覆无常的]
caption n.标题 [<capt- take]
captious a.好吹毛求疵的;诡辩的 [capt take+ious->take(other's
fault)(CAPTION)]
carat n.克拉;开 [<Gk keration fruit of the carob稻子豆(dimin of
keras
horn角)Karate空手道 caret加字符号]
cardinal a.首要的;基本的
[ME<OF<L cardinalis<cardo -inis hinge: in Eng first applied to the
four
virtues on which conduct 'hinges( 关键,枢纽,要点)'
cardiology n.心脏学 [cardio+logy]
careen v.使船倾倒;使侧倾 [<L carina KEEL龙骨]
caress v.抚爱 [<L carus dear]
caricature n.讽刺画;讽刺 [<caricare load, exaggerate]
carmine n.洋红色 [<carmesinum crimson+minium cinnabar1(矿)辰砂,朱砂
鲜红色,朱红色(vermilion)]
carnage n.大屠杀;残杀 [<L caro carnis flesh]
carnal a.肉体的 [<caro carnis flesh]
carnivorous a.食肉的 [<caro carnis flesh+-VOROUS carnivore 食肉动物;食虫植物]
carouse n.v.酒宴;痛饮;狂欢 [orig as adv = right out, in phr drink
carouse<G gar
aus trinken carousal喧闹的酒会]
carping a.吹毛求疵的
carrion n.腐臭的尸体 [ME<AF & ONF caroine, -oigne, OF charoigne
ult<L caro
flesh]
cartographer n.制图者 [carto纸+grapher]
carve v.雕刻;切成薄片;开拓 [OE ceorfan cut<WG]
cascade n.小瀑布 [F<It cascata<cascare to fall ult<L casus:
CASE(<L."发生的事")情形,场合;事例]
caste n.印度世袭阶级;阶级制度 [<casto pure, CHASTE(<L."无缺点的,纯洁的")1<女子>(肉体上)纯洁的,贞洁的]
castigate v.谴责;惩治 [L castigare reprove<castus pure castigation
强烈申斥;反对;鞭打;惩罚]
casualty n.意外;灾祸 [ME<medL casualitas(CASUAL), after ROYALTY etc]
casuistry n.诡辩;曲解 [casuist 诡辩家 F casuiste <Sp. casuista
<L casus CASE]
cataclysm n.洪水;剧变 [cata向下的+clysm=kluzo洗 catacomb地下墓穴
catalogue分类目录
clyster(医)灌肠]
catalyst n.催化剂 [cata+lysis溶解 after analyst catalysis接触反应,催化作用]
catapult n.弹弩;发射机 [F catapulte or L catapulta<Gk katapeltes(CATA-,
pallo
hurl)]
catastrophe n.大灾难 [cata+strophe turning]
catechism n.问答形式的教授法 [CATECHIZE 以问答方式讲授;盘问
catechizer 口试者 catechist
传道师;盘问者;采用问答式教学者]
categorical a.绝对的 [CATEGORY 种类]
cater v.承办酒席;迎合 [<acater buy; cate n.佳肴,美食]
catharsis n.导泻;净化 [<kathairo cleanse cathartic通便的;洗涤(胃肠)的;泻药]
catholic a.宽容的;广泛的 [<kata in respect of+holos whole Catholic天主教]
caucus n.干部会议;核心人物 [18th-c US, perh<Algonquin cau' -cau-as'
u adviser]
caustic a.腐蚀性的;刻薄的 [<kaustos burnt<kaio burn]
cauterize v.灼烧 [<kaio burn]
cavalcade n.车队等的行列 [<cavalcare ride ult<L caballus
pack-horse]
cavil v.吹毛求疵;苛责 [<L cavillari<cavilla mockery 嘲弄;蔑视]
cavity n.空穴;空腔;蛀牙洞 [<L cavus hollow洞]
cede v.割让;让步 [<L cedere yield]
celebrity n.名声;名人 [<celebr有名的+ity CELEBRATED 驰名的,有名的]
celerity n.快速 [<celer swift]
celestial a.天上的 [CELESTE天空]
celibate a.独身的 [<caelebs -ibis unmarried;celibacy 独身生活(尤指修道者立下宗教誓约而遵守的)]
censor n.检查员 [<L censere assess cencorous 好批评的,
好吹毛求疵者 censorship
检查;监察;检察官之职]
censure v.责备 [<L censura<censere assess 核定<税额、罚款额等>,评定(at)]
centaur n.人首马身的怪物 [ME<L centaurus<Gk kentauros]
centigrade n.摄氏温标 [F<L centum hundred+gradus step]
centrifugal a.离心的 [<L centrum centre+fugere flee refugee难民]
centripetal a.向心的 [<L centrum centre+petere seek]
ceremonious a.隆重的;客套的 [F ceremonieux or LL caerimoniosus CEREMONY典礼
ceremonial 仪式的;讲究仪式的;正式的]
cessation n.中止 [ME<L cessatio<cessare CEASE]
cession n.割让 [ME<OF cession or L cessio<cedere cess- go away]
chaff n.粗糠;谷壳 [<CHAFE 摩擦;激怒]
chaffing a.玩笑的;嘲弄的
chagrin n.烦闷;懊恼 [cha-grin,GRIN苦笑 chagined 失望的;灰心的]
chalice n.杯;圣餐杯 [<L calix -icis cup]
champ v.大声地嚼 [prob. imit.]
chanty n.船夫曲;劳动号子
chaos n.混乱 [F or L<Gk khaos: - otic after erotic etc CHAOTIC混乱的]
charisma n.能吸引大众的非凡能力 [<Gk kharisma<kharis favour,
grace]
charitable a.宽大的;慈善的 [E<OF<charite CHARITY 慈悲;施舍,慈善设施]
charlatan n.骗子;冒充内行者 [F<It ciarlatano<ciarlare babble
喋喋不休, 罗嗦, 唠叨]
charter n.v.执照;宪章;发特许执照 [CHARTE图表]
chary a.谨慎的;吝啬的;害羞的 [with ~ look 以谨慎的表情 He is ~
of praise (praising
others) 他吝于 (不轻易) 称赞别人 She is ~ of] [strangers
她见到陌生人会害羞]
chasm n.深坑 [<Gk khasma gaping hollow]
chassis n.汽车等之底盘 [<L capsa箱]
chaste a.贞洁的;纯洁的 [<L castus chastity 贞节;纯洁]
chasten v.惩戒;责罚;抑制;使缓和 [<L castigare CASTIGATE惩罚
CHASTISE严厉惩罚;谴责]
chattel n.动产 [ME<OF chatel: CATTLE牛,家畜]
chauvinist n.盲目的爱国者 [Chauvin, a Napoleonic veteran in the
Cogniards'
Cocarde Tricolore(1831)]
checkered a.多变的 [a ~ career (life) 波折多变的人生(经历)checker
方格花纹;使呈各种颜色 The lawn
was ~ed with sunlight] [and shade 草坪上光影交错成方格图案]
chicanery n.奸计;狡猾手段 [F chicanerie CHICANE 搪塞,狡辩;欺骗]
chide v.叱责;谴责 [OE cidan]
chimerical a.幻想的;荒诞的 [L<Gk khimaira she-goat, chimera(希神)吐火兽;怪物;妄想]
chiromancy n.手相术 [chiro手+mancy非科学 NACROMANCY通灵术]
chiropodist n.足科医生
chirp v.吱喳鸣出或叫出 [ME, earlier chirk, chirt]
choke v.使窒息 [prob confusion of the ending of artichoke with CHOKE]
choleric a.暴燥的
[<Gk kholerikos: CHOLER脾气暴躁,动肝火;胆汁,胆汁质 a man of
choleric temper 脾气暴躁 (易怒)
的男人
chop v.砍;突然改变方向 [choppy 波浪起伏的;多裂缝的;易变的]
chronic a.长期的;慢性的 [<khronos time]
chuckle v.咯咯而笑 [CHUCK(轻扣;抛出,抛弃;中止) CLUCK(咯咯叫)]
chum n.室友; 好友; 挚友 [be ~s with ┅ 与…是好朋友 a new ~
新来的移民 Tom ~med up with me
汤姆和我成为好朋友] [chummage (俗)同室;共宿旧囚犯向新囚犯勒索金钱]
churlish a.粗野的;下贱的;难驾驭的 [OE cierlisc, ceorlisc<ceorl
CHURL下贱的人;吝啬鬼]
ciliated a.有纤毛的
circlet n.戒指;小圈
circuitous a.绕行的;迂回的 [<circuitus CIRCUIT 巡回;环游旅行;周围,纡路;电路;姊妹]
circumlocution n.迂回累赘的陈述 [ME<F circumlocution or L
circumlocutio(CIRCUM-,
LOCUTION 说话法;语风), transl of Gk] [PERIPHRASIS(修辞)迂说法;拐弯抹角的说法,
绕圈子的说法]
circumspect a.慎重的;小心的 [CIRCUM-, specere spect- look]
circumvent v.占上风;智取;规避 [CIRCUM-, venire come]
citadel n.城堡;要塞 [<L civitas -tatis city]
cite v.引用;举例 [<L citare<ciere set moving]
clairvoyant a.具有洞察力的 [clairvoyance 透视力;异常的洞察力<clair
CLEAR+voir voy- see
CLAIRAUDIENCE超人的听力] [VOYAGE航行]
clamber v.攀爬 [<clamb, obs past tense of CLIMB]
clammy a.粘湿的;病态的 [<clam to daub(涂抹;弄赃)]
clamorous a.吵闹的 [clamor喧闹;大声叫嚷]
clamp n.钳子;夹住 [16th c: prob<Du klamp heap(in sense related to
CLUMP 丛生,
结块;笨重的脚步声]
clandestine a.暗中的;秘密的 [<clam secretly]
clarion n.响亮尖锐之声 [<L clario -onis<L clarus clear]
clarity n.清楚;明了;澄澈 [<L claritas<clarus clear]
clash n.当当声;冲突;猛撞;抵触 [clack, clang发铿锵声 crack打开;破裂;裂缝
crash压坏;压碎]
claustrophobia n.幽闭恐惧症 [<L claustrum: CLOISTER修道院;寺庙]
cleanse v.使纯洁;使清洁 [OE cl'nsian(see CLEAN)]
cleave v.劈裂;开辟 [(用斧头等沿着树纹、劈开面)劈开<木材、岩石等>cleavage
劈开,劈开部;分裂]
cleft n.裂口 [OE rel to CLEAVE(用斧头等沿树纹、劈开面)劈开,剖开]
clemency n.仁慈;和蔼 [<L clemens -entis clement仁慈的,宽厚的]
cliche n.陈腔滥调;老套 [F<clicher to stereotype]
climactic a.高潮的 [CLIMAX+-IC, perh after SYNTACTIC文章构成法 or
CLIMACTERIC危机的,更年期的]
clinch v.钉牢;揪住 [同CLENCH 咬紧<牙关>;紧闭<嘴巴>;紧握<拳头>;紧握,抓住<某物>]
clip v.修剪;包围 [ME<ON klippa, prob imit]
clique n.朋党;派系 [F<cliquer CLICK嘀哒声]
clog v.阻碍 [缚在动物等脚上限制其行动 (防止逃跑) 的圆木
阻碍,妨碍<up>(with)]
cloister n.修道院;寺院 [<claudere claus- CLOSE cloistered
住在修道院的,隐居的]
clout n.影响力 [OE clut, rel to CLEAT 楔子形的栓;(鞋底等的)止滑片,
CLOT结块,凝固]
Unit 8
clumsy a.笨拙的;不好看的;粗陋的 [obs clumse be numb(麻木的)with
cold]
cluster n.串;束 [OE clyster: cf CLOT凝结]
clutch v.抓紧 [18th c: prob SEngl var of cletch<cleck to hatch<ON
klekja,
assoc with CLUTCH(用手或指甲等)抓住,] [握]
clutter n.喧闹 [partly var of clotter coagulate, partly assoc with CLUSTER,
CLATTER 嗒声;喧闹]
coadjutor n.助手;伙伴 [CO-, adjutor<adjuvare -jut- help ADJUTANT副手;副官]
coalesce v.联合;合并 [CO-, alescere alit- grow<alere nourish coalition结合,合并]
coax v.甘言劝诱
coaxal a.同轴的
cockade n.帽章 [<fem of obs coquard saucy傲慢的;活泼的<coq COCK公鸡;耸立]
coddle v.娇养;溺爱 [caudle invalids' gruel稀粥;使极度疲劳]
codicil n.遗嘱的附录 [L codicillus, dimin of CODEX法律;规则]
coerce v.强迫 [CO-, arcere restrain coercion 强迫;威压;高压政治]
cog n.轮齿 [ME: prob of Scand orig]
cogent a.使人信服的 [CO-, agere act- drive cogency(使人信服的)力量,(理论等的)中肯]
cogitate v.思考 [L cogitare think(CO-, AGITATE骚动)cogitation(常
~s)(文语)思考(力),熟虑;深思 after much ~ 经过] [思熟虑之后
cogitable 可以思考的,可做思考题目的]
cognate a.同源的;同性质的 [L cognatus(CO-, natus born)]
cognizance n.认知 [ME<OF conoisance ult<L cognoscent-<cognitio:
COGNITION认识;知觉]
cognomen n.姓 [cognominal 同名的 姓的 cognoscente(美术品等的)鉴赏家
cognoscible
可认知的;可辨识的]
cohere v.凝聚 [L cohaerere cohaes-(CO-, haerere stick)coherent
互相密合的;凝聚性的
cohesion 团结;凝结力]
coherence n.n.附著;凝聚;结合
cohort n.一队兵;同事 [ME<F cohorte or L cohors cohort- enclosure围绕,
company]
coincide v.与...一致;符合;暗合 [medL coincidere(CO-, INCIDENT 事件;附带的,
外来的)coincidence 一致,符合;偶合,巧合]
colander n.滤器;漏锅 [ME, ult<L colare strain 拉紧]
collaborate v.合作 [L collaborare collaborat-(COM-, laborare work)]
collate v.校勘;对照 [L collat- pp. stem of conferre compare]
collateral a.并行的;旁系的 [ME<medL collateralis(COM-, LATERAL
侧面;旁边的)]
collation n.便餐;核对 [<Cassian's Collationes Patrum同 Lives of the
Fathers)read by Benedictines(圣本铎修会的僧)and followed] [by a light
meal]
collide v.碰撞;冲突;抵触
[L collidere collis-(COM-, laedere strike, damage)collision 碰撞,猛撞(with,
against)(利害、意见、目的 [的)对立,不一致,冲突]
collier n.煤矿工人;运煤船 [<COAL+-IER]
colloquial a.会话的;口语的 [L colloquium COLLOQUY(<L."谈话,会谈")(文语)(正式的)对话,会谈]
collusion n.共谋;骗串;勾结 [ME<OF collusion or L collusio(COLLUDE共谋,串通,勾结
L
colludere collus-(COM-, ludere lus- play))]
colorable a.似是而非的;貌似可取的
comatose a.昏睡的;无生气的 [coma 昏睡;彗核;种芒]
combustible a.易燃的 [combust- burn up COMBUSTION 燃烧;氧化]
comely a.美丽动人的 [ME cumelich, cumli prob<becumelich<BECOME]
comestible n.a.食品;可以吃的 [<L comedere comest- eat up]
comity n.礼仪 [L comitas<comis courteous彬彬有礼的]
commandeer v.征募(兵役等);征用 [<F commander COMMAND]
commence v.开始;着手;得学士学位 [as COM-, L initiare INITIATE
COMMENCEMENT
开始;学士学位授与(日)]
commensurate a.同量的 [LL commensuratus(COM-, MEASURE)]
commingle v.混合
commiserate v.同情;慰问 [COM-, miserari pity<miser wretched]
commodious a.宽敞的;使用方便的 [F commodieux or<medL commodiosus<L
commodus(COMMODE)COMMODITY日用品;商品;必需品]
compact a.简洁的;紧密的 [L compactum<compacisci compact-(COM-,
pacisci
covenant): cf PACT]
compatible a.能共处的 [F<medL
compatibilis(COMPASSION)compatibility适合性,两立性;一致;调和]
compendious a.简明的 [pend=hang]
compendium n.摘要 [<L compendere(COM-, pendere weigh)what is weighed
together]
compensate v.偿还;补偿 [compensare(COM-, pensare frequent of pendere
pens-
weigh)]
compile v.编辑 [ME<OF compiler or its apparent source, L compilare
plunder,
plagiarize compilation 编辑;编纂;编纂物]
complacent a.自满的 [L complacere: COMPLACENCY edL complacentia<L
complacere(COM-, placere please)]
complaisant a.殷勤的;彬彬有礼的 [F<complaire(stem complais-)acquiesce
to please,<L
complacere: COMPLACENCY自满,自得;自以为是]
complement n.补足物 [ME<L complementum(COMPLETE)]
compliant a.顺从的;应允的 [compliable 依从的;屈从的 compliance(对于要求、命令等的)服从,顺从;遵守;应允]
complicity n.共谋;串通 [complice(see ACCOMPLICE)+-ITY]
compliment n.称赞;恭维;祝贺;赠送 [complimenter<It complimento
ult<L(COMPLEMENT补足物;补充的)]
comply v.顺从;应允 [It complire<Cat complir, Sp cumplir<L complere
fill up]
comport v.举止 [L comportare(COM-, portare carry)]
comprise v.包括 [ME<F, fem pp. of comprendre comprehend]
compromise v.和解;危及 [<LL compromissum neut pp. of compromittere(com-,
promittere promise)]
compunction n.后悔;内疚 [<L compungere compunct-(com-, pungere prick刺;受责备)]
compute v.计算;估计 [F computer or L computare(com-, putare
reckon)computation
n]
concatenate v.连结;连锁 [LL concatenare(com-, catenare<catena chain)]
concealment n.隐蔽;躲藏;隐匿处
concede v.承认 [F conceder or L concedere concess-(com-, cedere yield)]
conceit n.自满;独断;奇想;巧思 [ME<conceive after deceit(欺骗,谎言),
deceive, etc(←→
humility)be full of ~ 非常自负,自命不凡] conceited[自负的,自大的,自满的;奇想的,幻想的]
conceive v.想象 [<L concipere concept-(com-, capere take)]
concentric a.同中心的 [ME<OF concentrique or medL concentricus(com-,
centricus
as centre)]
conception n.构思;概念 [ME<OF<L conceptio -onis(concept)]
conch n.贝壳 [L concha shell<Gk kogkhe]
concierge n.看门人;公寓管理人员 [F, prob ult<L conservus fellow
slave]
conciliate v.安慰;取悦于 [L conciliare combine, gain(concilium council)
conciliation 安抚;获得(好感等);和解]
concise a.简明的 [F concis or L concisus pp. of concidere(com-, caedere
cut)concision切断,分离,简洁,简明]
conclave n.秘密会议 [<L conclave lockable room(com-, clavis key)]
concoct v.调制;编造 [L concoquere concoct-(com-, coquere cook)concoction
混合;调合物;捏造;企图]
concordat n.协定;宗派间的协约 [F concordat or L concordatum neut pp.
of concordare
Concorde 协和式喷射客机]
condemn v.谴责;宣告;命定;征用 [<L condemnare(com-, damnare
damn)condemnation
非难,谴责,责难,责备 宣告有罪,判罪]
condemnation n.非难;罪的宣告;非难
condign a.适宜的;应受的 [<L condignus(com-, dignus worthy)]
condiment n.调味品 [<L condimentum<condire pickle 腌汁;腌菜,泡菜;腌成之黄瓜;(a
~)(口语)为难
(尴尬) 之立场,困惑,]窘境, [be in a(sad (sorry, nice, pretty))~
陷于困难]
condole v.同情;慰问 [LL condolere(com-, dolere suffer)(<L."一起叹息")condolence
哀悼
condolatory 吊唁的;吊慰的 condole,] [after consolatory etc.]
condone v.宽恕;原谅 [L condonare(com-, donare give)]
conduit n.导管;水管
[ME<OF conduit<medL conductus conduct(<L."共同引导")(文语)(从道德观点来看的人的)行为,品行
经营,营运,管理;指挥,引导 the ~ of
confiscate v.充公;没收 [L confiscare(com-, fiscare<fiscus treasury)]
conformity n.相似;一致 [ME<OF conformite or LL conformitas(conform
适合;顺从,顺应)
nonconformity 不适合,不一致;不服]从 [教]
congeal v.凝结 [<L congelare(com-, gelare<gelu frost)]
congenital a.天生的 [L congenitus(com-, genitus pp. of gigno beget)]
conglomeration n.聚集;凝聚 [conglomeratus pp. of conglomerare(com-,
glomerare<glomus -eris ball)]
congregate v.聚集 [ME<L congregare(com-, gregare<grex gregis flock)]
congruence n.适合;全等 [ME<L congruentia(congruent符合的;一致;调和)congruity一致]
conifer n.针叶树;松柏科植 [L(cone, -ferous)]
conjecture n.推测;猜想 [L conjectura<conjicere(com-, jacere throw)
conjectural
推测的,好推测的]
conjure v.恳求; 耍魔术 [<L conjurare band together by oath(com-,
jurare swear)]
conjurer n.魔术师;极聪明的人 [conjure(<L."一起发誓")念咒语召<灵魂>耍魔术(自)取出(out
of)]
connivance n.纵容;默许 [CONNIVE假装不见<L connivere shut the
eyes(to)]
connoisseur n.鉴定家;行家 [<pres stem of conna re know+-eur -or: cf
reconnoiter
侦察,勘查,勘测;观察,探究]
connotation n.涵意;暗示 [CONNOTATIVE含蓄的;有涵义的暗示 (别的意思)
的,含有言外之意的(of)]
consanguinity n.血缘;亲族 [SANGUINE 血红色的;充满希望的
consanguineous 血亲的,血缘的,同族的]
conscientious a.正直的 [<medL conscientiosus(conscience良心;责任心)]
consecrate v.奉为神圣;献身 [ME<L consecrare(com-, secrare = sacrare
dedicate<sacer sacred)]
consensus n.一致 [L, = agreement]
consentaneous a.一致的;全场一致的
consign v.移交 [ME<F consigner or L consignare mark with a seal(com-,
sign)
consignment 交付;寄销;寄送的货物]
consistent a.始终如一的 [L consistere(consist组成;存在;一致)]
consort v.n.相伴;结交;配偶;伙伴 [earlier form of concert]
conspicuous a.引人注目的 [L conspicuus(conspectus)]
conspire v.阴谋;密谋 [ME<OF conspirer<L conspirare agree,
plot(com-, spirare
breathe)conspiracy(结党)阴谋,共谋<企图的>]阴谋
consternation n.惊愕;惊恐 [F consternation or L consternatio(consternate使惊愕)]
construe v.诠释;翻译 [ME<L construere construct misconstrue曲解;误解]
consummate a.完全的 [L consummare(com-, summare complete<summus
utmost)consummation 完成;极致;完婚,圆房]
contaminate v.弄脏;污染 [L contaminare(com-, tamen- rel to tangere
touch)]
contemn v.轻侮;蔑视 [ME<OF contemner or L contemnere(com-, temnere
tempt-
despise)]
contemplate v.凝视;沉思 [L contemplari(com-, templum place for
observations)]
contentious a.好争吵的 [ME<OF contentieux<L contentiosus(contention争论;辩论)
(contend奋斗;竞争)]
contiguous a.接触的;邻近的 [COM-, tangere touch]
continence n.自律;节欲 [continent大陆;自制的,禁欲的]
contingent a.可能发生的 [COM-, tangere touch contingency偶然性;意外事故]
contortions n.扭歪;弯曲 [COM-, torquere twist; contort扭,扭歪,曲解]
contraband n.非法交易;走私 [Sp contrabanda<It(CONTRA-, bando
proclamation
宣布,布告,发布 宣言,声明书,宣告书]
contract n.契约;婚约;收缩;皱眉
[<L contractus(COM-, trahere tract- draw)~ a marriage(with ┅)(与)缔结婚姻
~
one's eyebrows (forehead) 皱眉 (额头)
contravene v.违反;抵触 [CONTRA-, venire vent- come]
contrite a.悔悟的 [COM-, terere trit- rub]
controvert v.否定;否认 [<L controversus(CONTRA-, vertere vers-
turn)controversy论争,辩论(尤指报章上的)论战]
contumacious a.不听命令的 [L contumax, perh rel to tumere swell]
contumely n.傲慢;侮辱 [ME<OF contumelie<L contumelia(COM-, tumere
swell)]
contusion n.打伤;撞伤 [L contundere contus-(COM-, tundere thump)contuse
v]
conundrum n.含恢谐、双关之意的谜语 [如]
convalesce v.渐渐恢复;痊愈 [(<L."变强")ME<L
convalescere(COM-, valere be
well)convalescence 渐愈;恢复期]
convene v.召开;开会 [ME<L convenire convent- assemble, agree,
fit(COM-, venire
come)]
conventional a.传统的;习俗的 [F conventionnel or LL
conventionalis(CONVENTION大会;协定;惯例)]
conversant a.精通的 [ME<OF, pres part of converser CONVERSE交谈;相反的]
convert v.改变;变更 [<L convertere convers- turn about(COM-, vertere
turn)]
conveyance n.运输;交通工具 [convey(<L."同(走)路")<人、运输工具等>载运<乘客>,搬运<货物>~
passengers
载运乘客 conveyable] [可搬运 (传达,转让) 的]
convict v.证明;宣判有罪
[ME<L convincere convict-(COM-, vincere conquer): noun<obs convict
convicted conviction (陪审员)有 罪判决, 定罪;确信
convivial a.快乐的;欢乐的 [L convivialis<convivium feast(COM-,
vivere live)]
convoke v.召集 [L convocare convocat-(COM-, vocare call)convocation召集,集会]
convoluted a.旋绕的;回旋状的 [<L convolutus(COM-, volvere volut-
roll)]
convoy v.护送 [OF convoyer var of conveier CONVEY传达;运输;转移]
convulse v.使震动 [(<L."撕裂") COM-, vellere pull The
island was ~d by the
eruption convulsant 引进痉挛的;抽搐的;惊]厥[剂] convulsion 震动;动乱;抽筋
coop v.拘禁 [ME cupe basket<MDu, MLG kupe, ult<L cupa cask]
copious a.很多的;丰富的 [<L copiosus<copia plenty]
coquette n.卖弄风情之女子;狐狸精 [F, fem of coquet wanton, dimin of
coq cock
公鸡,雄鸡(英俚)伙伴,老大(干草等堆成的)圆锥形小山→]
[haycock coquetry 女子玩弄男人;卖弄风骚]
cordon n.警戒线 [It cordone augmentative of corda CORD, & F
cordon(CORD)]
cornice n.飞檐 [<L cornix -icis crow 啼叫;乌鸦]
corporeal a.肉体的;物质的 [<L corporeus<corpus -oris body]
corpulent a.肥胖的 [<L corpulentus<corpus body]
corpus n.全集;全部资料 [corpse尸体]
corroborate v.确定 [corroborant 确证的,健身药, roborant 强壮剂
corroboration
证实,支持,证据]
corrosive a.腐蚀的 [ME<OF corosif -ive(CORRODE腐蚀;破坏)]
cortege n.行列 [cortex(植物)表皮层皮质,外皮]
coruscate v.闪烁;焕发 [L coruscare glitter闪烁]
cosmetologist n.美容专家;美容师 [cosmeto-logist COSMETIC 化妆品;装饰性的<kosmeo
adorn
<kosmos order, adornment]
cosmic a.宇宙的;广大无边的 [cosm宇宙+ic;COSMOS宇宙 cosmopolis国际都市]
costume n.服装;剧装 [<custom,按照习俗要求穿的服装]
coterie n.(由共同兴趣组成)小团体 [COTE小屋,笼+rie cottage小屋
cotenant]
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