托福词汇研究 Unit 1-5
Unit 1
aback ad.向后;逆帆 [A, BACK]
abaft ad.prep.在船尾;在...之后 [A + -baft <OE<BY+behind]
abandon v.放弃;放纵;遗弃 [ME<OF abandoner<under control ult<LL
bannus, -um BAN]
abase v.降低;贬抑 [A-, baissier to lower ult<LL bassus short of
stature): inflby] BASE
abash v.使局促不安 [bash; unabashed]
abate v.减少;减轻 [rebate 将<已付金额的一部分>予以折扣,回扣,退还]
abbey n.大修道院; 大教堂 [Abba上帝 abbacy 男修道院长(abbot)之职务(辖区,任期)
abbess女修道院院长;尼庵住持]
abbreviation n.缩短;缩写 [brevity 短暂;简短]
abdicate v.放弃权利;让位 [AB-, dicare declare]
abdomen n.腹;下腹 [abdominal adj.]
abduct v.绑架;拐走 [viaduct陆桥,高架桥 (道路,铁路)(<L. VIA(道)和
aqueDUCT(水道)的混合语]
abed ad.在床上 [A, BED ill(sick)~病卧床上 lie~躺在床上]
aberration n.离开正路;脱离常轨 [errant 错误的,偏离的;游历的;遍历危险的]
abet v.教唆;唆使 [bait(装于钓)上或陷阱中的钩饵]
abeyance n.中止;暂搁 [<OF abeer<to + beer<medL batare gape(因惊讶或赞许而)张口]
abhor v.憎恨;厌恶 [horrible]
abide v.容忍;忍受 [abide by 遵守<规则、法令、决定等>]
abject a.可怜的;卑鄙的 [reject]
abjure v.发誓断绝;公开放弃 [jurare; purjury]
ablution n.沐浴 [antediluvian 诺亚(Noah)洪水前的;太古的;过时的
(cf deluge)]
abnegate v.放弃权利;舍弃;戒禁快乐 [AB-, negare deny]
abnormal a.不正常的;变态的 [earlier and F anormal, anomal<Gk
anomalos ANOMALOUS,
assoc with L abnormis: ABNORMITY]
abode n.住所 [verbal noun of ABIDE: cf. ride, rode, road]
abolition n.废除;革除 [abolish]
abominate v.痛恨;痛恶 [ominous (omen 的形容词)不祥的;凶兆的]
aboriginal a.原始的;土著的 [ab+origin+al]
abortive a.失败的;无意的 [oriental; abort]
abound v.充满;富于 [abundant]
abrade v.摩擦;磨掉 [erase; abrasion (abrade的名词)(岩石的)剥蚀;(机械的)磨损]
abridge v.缩短;删节 [ME<OF abreg(i)er<LL abbreviare ABBREVIATE]
abrogate v.废止;取消 [interogative rogation (常 ~s)(基督教)(耶稣升天节前三天做的)祷告
rogatory请求的;要求的]
abrupt a.突然的;意外的 [ab+rupt=rumpere]
abscond v.潜逃 [condiments 调味料(seasoning) (芥茉、胡椒等)]
absolve v.赦免;解除 [solution]
abstain v.戒除;禁绝 [tenere]
abstemious a.饮食有度;有节制的 [temetum]
abstinence n.禁食 [abs+tinence ABSTINENT]
abstracted a.心不在焉的 [intractable; abstract]
abstruse a.深奥的 [intrusion]
absurd a.不合理的;荒唐的 [AB-, surdus deaf, dull]
abundant a.丰富的;富裕的 [ME<OF abundance<L abundantia ABOUND]
abuse v.乱用;妄用 [ab+use disabuse 解除某人的迷惑;使醒悟]
abut v.紧邻;接靠 [a+but]
abyss n.深渊;地狱 [<Gk abussos bottomless A-, bussos depth]
accede v.同意 [ac+cede]
accelerate v.加速进行 [ac+celer+ate;concede]
accentuate v.重读;强调 [ac+cent=cant+uate;ACCENT;cantata(音乐)清唱剧]
accessible a.易接近的;易受影响的 [accessible or LL accessibilis;
ACCEDE; access]
accessory n.附件;从犯 [ac+ces+sory;ACCEDE]
accidental a.偶然的;意外的 [E<LL accidentalis(ACCIDENT)]
acclaim v.欢呼;喝采 [ac+claim=clamare;clamorous吵闹的,喧嚷的;
acclamation]
acclimate v.适应于新环境 [ac+climate CLIMATE acclamation]
acclivity n.向上的陡坡 [ac+cliv+ity proclivity]
accolade n.赞美;赏赐 [ac+col=collum+ade; collar]
accommodate v.供应;容纳 [ac+commodus; accommodating]
accomplice n.共犯;帮凶 [ME and F complice(prob by assoc with
ACCOMPANY),<LL
complex complicis confederate: cf] [COMPLICATE]
accord n.一致;符合 [ac+cord=cordis heart]
accost v.打招呼 [ac+cost=costa rib COAST]
accoutre v.供给服装;装备 [ac+coutre couture 女装业;女装设计师
couturier 女装设计师]
accredit v.相信;任命;归功于... [ac+cre+dit CREDIT]
accretion n.增大;添加 [ac+cret+tion accrue ACCRETE 生长;增大;合生]
accrue v.自然增加 [ac+crue增加]
accumulate v.积聚 [ac+cumul=cumulus堆积+ate]
accuse v.控告;归咎 [ac+cuse=CAUSE]
acephalous a.无头的 [a+cephal=kephale头+ous]
acerbity n.尖酸的言语或态度 [acerb尖,酸+ity acerbic尖刻的]
acetic a.酸的 [ace=acetum醋+ic]
achromatic a.无色的;消色的 [A-, CHROMATIC]
acidulous a.微酸的;克薄的 [acid酸+ulous多的]
acknowledge v.承认 [ac+KNOWLEDGE]
acme n.顶点;极至 [Gk, = highest point]
acoustics n.声学;传音性 [acoustic 听觉的;有关声音的]
acquaint v.告之;使熟悉 [ac+quiant知道=cognit come to know ACQUAINTANCE
熟人]
acquiescence n.默许的;顺从的 [ac+quiesce安静+nce;aquiescent顺从的
quiescent静止的]
acquisition n.获得;得到 [ACQUIRE acquisitive 贪得的;物质欲重的
requisite 必须品
acquisitiveness 渴望占有]
acquittal n.开释
acrid a.辛辣的;尖刻的 [irreg<L acer acris keen+-ID, prob after acid]
acrimonious a.尖酸的 [ACRIMONY 尖刻;剧烈]
acrophobia n.高处恐怖症 [acro=akron+PHOBIA]
activate v.使活动
actuarial a.保险统计(员)的 [ACTUAL actuary 保险公司计算员;法庭记录(员)
actuate 激励]
actuate v.激励;促使 [ACTUAL]
acuminate a.锐利的;有尖头的 [L acuminatus pointed: ACUMEN]
acute a.灵敏的;急性的 [L acutus pp. of acuere sharpen<acus needle]
adage n.格言 [adagium ad+age]
adamant a.坚定不移的;固执的 [a+damant=daamao驯服]
adapt v.使适合 [ad+apt=aptus适合 adaptable有适应能力的 aptitude能力]
addendum n.补遗;追加物 [L, gerundive of addere ADD]
addiction n.沉迷;热中 [ADDICT ad+dict;addictive 使人上瘾的]
additive a.添加剂 [LL additivus: ADD]
addle a.混乱的;糊涂的 [addled头脑混乱的]
adduce v.引证;举出 [induce引诱]
adept a.老练的 [ad+ept能力 adopt 收养; adapt 适应]
adhere v.附着;坚持 [ad+here=haerere粘;adherent 拥护者,党徒]
adhibit v.容...进入;贴标签;采用 [AD-, habere have]
adipose a.多脂肪的 [同adeps adipis 胖的]
adjacent a.邻接的 [ad+jacent=jacere躺]
adjoin v.邻接;毗连 [AD-, jungere join]
adjourn v.延期;休会 [The court ~ed from Friday until Monday.]
adjudge v.判决;审查并颁给奖赏 [ME <OF ajuger <L adjudicare:
ADJUDICATE]
adjudicate v.判决;宣判;裁定 [ad+judic=judicare to judge; judicious明智的]
adjunct n.附属物;助手 [ad+junct ADJOIN]
adjure v.命令;恳求 [ad+jure=jurare发誓]
adjutant n.副官;助手 [L adjutare frequent of adjuvare: ADJUVANT 辅助的;助手;辅药]
admeasure v.分配;测量 [AD-, MEASURE]
administer v.管理 [ad+, MINISTER]
admirable a.可钦佩的;美妙的 [ADMIRE]
admiral n.海军上将;鱼船队长 [<Arab. ' amir commander (cf. AMIR),
assoc. with ADMIRABLE]
admonish v.警告 [ad + mon = monere警告]
ado n.张惶;费力 [much ado->much a thing to do]
adobe n.泥砖;土坯 [a-do-be;abode住处]
adolescence n.青春期;年少
adopt v.收养;采纳 [option 选择]
adore v.崇拜;热爱 [oration 演讲 adoration 爱慕,崇拜 adorable
迷人的,可爱的]
adorn v.装饰 [ad+orn提供 suborn贿赂 adornment 装饰,装饰品]
adrift a.ad.漂泊;无一定职业的 [A + DRIFT]
adroit a.灵巧的 [a+droit右手的 maladroit笨的]
adulation n.奉承 [adulate谄媚奉承]
adulterate v.掺混 [L adulterare adulterat- corrupt]
adumbration n.预示 [intervention 干涉 umbrella雨伞 umbrage不快]
adversary n.对手;敌手 [ADVERSE adversity灾难]
adverse a.逆的;相反的;不利的 [AD-, vertere vers- turn]
adversity n.灾难;不幸 [L adversitas -tatis;ADVERSE]
advert v.谈及
advisable a.适当的;可行的 [advisable=sensible advisory 劝告的
unadvised 轻率的]
advocate v.提倡;拥护 [ad+vocate=vocare 号召,叫]
aegis n.保护 [aigis 宙斯或雅典娜的盾]
aeon n.极长的时间;永久 [同eon eonian亦作aeonian永世的;无穷的eonism易装变态]
aerate v.空气;让空气进入 [L aer AIR + -ATE, after F aerer aero
航空的;飞行器的]
aerial a.天线 [L aerius <Gk aerios <aer air]
aesthetic a.美学的;审美的 [aesthetics 美学 aesthete 审美家
anaesthetic 麻醉药 ana=not]
afar ad.在远方 [ME <A-+ FAR; ~ off 遥远地方的. from ~ 由远方]
affable a.和蔼的;友善的 [AD-, fari speak]
affect v.影响;假装;爱好 [How will the decision ~ us?
这项决定会给我们什么样的影响?]
affected a.造作的;不自然的 [affectation做作,虚假 affection友爱;感人的
affectionate挚爱的unaffected不矫揉造作的;自然的]
affection n.爱情;疾病;影响 [ME<OF<L affectio -onis(AFFECT)]
affectionate a.情深的 [med.L affectionatus (AFFECTION)]
afferent a.输入的 [AD-, ferre bring]
affiance n.信用;婚约;订婚 [AD-, fidus trusty]
affidavit n.宣誓书 [perfidy不忠,背叛 AFFIANCE婚约,定婚]
affiliation n.入会;加入 [filial子女的 AFFILIATE加入,联合]
affinity n.吸引力;密切之关系 [affine姻亲 affined 姻亲的;同盟的]
affirmation n.证言;无宣誓供述 [AFFIRM 断言,确认,肯定 affirmative赞成的,肯定的]
affix v.附加物 [AD-, figere fix- fix]
afflatus n.灵感 [AD-, flare flat- to blow]
afflict v.使苦恼;折磨
affliction n.痛苦;折磨 [conflict冲突]
affluent a.丰富的;富饶的 [ME<OF<L affluere(AD-, fluere flux-
flow)]
affranchise v.恢复自由;释放 [ENFRANCHISE, with prefix A-]
affray n.骚动;打架 [af+ fray(衣物)磨损;紧张]
affront v.冒犯;侮辱 [effrontery 厚颜无耻]
afield ad.在野外;离乡背井
afloat ad.在海上;票据流通
afore ad.prep(在)前方
Unit 2
afresh ad.重新;再
aftermath n.不幸事件之后;余波 [after-math]
agape a.张口惊视的 [a+gape 裂开,张嘴]
agenda n.议程 [agility 灵活,敏捷]
agent n.代理人;管理人;代办人 [a commission ~ 委托贩卖商,批发商
a forwarding ~ 运送者,运输业者
secret (confidential) ~ 密探]
agglomerate v.一堆;结块 [glomerulus 小球,血管小球]
aggrandize v.加大 [grandeur 雄伟]
aggravate v.加重;恶化 [gravity庄重]
aggregate n.集合;总数 [gregarious喜社交的 aggregation聚集,总和]
aggressive a.好斗的;进取的 [egress出口]
aggrieved a.因受伤而不平的;痛心的 [grievous令人悲痛的;伤势严重的]
aghast a.恐怖的;惊骇的 [GHASTLY可怕的;惊人的 gast恐惧 ghost魔鬼
ghast=gast=ghost]
agility n.动作敏捷;机智 [agile灵活的,轻快的] agitate v.煽动 [ag做+itate表示不断的动作
agitated被鼓动的,不安的 agitation鼓动,焦虑] aglow a.发红的
[glow 发光;发热;热情] agnostic n.不可知论者 [diagnostic诊断的
agnosticism不可知论 Agnus Dei(<L. 'lamb ofGod')耶稣基督的别名]
agog a.兴奋的;有强烈兴趣的 [F en gogues<en in + pl of gogue fun]
agonize v.使受苦;使苦闷 [agony极大痛苦 agonizing引起极大痛苦的]
agony n.烦恼;顶峰 [(<G."比赛")agony aunt
答覆读者来函专栏女作家]
agrarian a.土地的;农业的 [L agrarius<ager agri field]
agreement n.协议;符合;同意 [ME<OF(AGREE)]
agronomist n.农学家 [agro土地+nom学科+ist]
aground ad.在地上;搁浅
ail v.使受病痛;使苦恼 [ail=egle小病 ailment不严重的疾病]
ailment n.疾病
airborne a.空气传播的;空降的
airtight a.密封的
aisle n.过道;走廊 [ME ele, ile <L ala wing: confused with island and F
ailewing]
ajar ad.门微开;不调和地
akin a.血族关系的;类似的 [a+kin 亲戚,血源关系]
alabaster a.雪白的 [ME<OF alabastre<L alabaster, -trum,<Gk
alabast(r)os]
alacrity n.乐意;欣然;敏捷 [L alacritas<alacer brisk]
albeit conj.虽然 [al+beit albite n.曹长石,苏打长石 L albus white + -ITE]
alchemy n.炼金术 [al=the+chemy=khemia冶炼术 chemis-try化学]
alcove n.凹室;壁龛 [<al the + kubba vault(<L."转动,滚动")拱顶;穹窿;储藏室;墓室]
ale n.麦酒 [alewife n.啤酒店女主人 <17世纪的aloofe]
alga n.海藻;藻类 [algae 海藻;藻类 algaecide 亦作 algicide
除海藻的药]
algebra n.代数学 [It. & Sp. & med.L, <Arab. al-jabr <al the
+ jabr reunion of
broken parts <jabara reunite]
alias n.别名 [at another time, other wise]
alibi n.不在犯罪现场证明;辩词 [elsewhere]
alienate v.离间 [alien+nate 由ALIEN外国人而来 alienated疏远的,被隔开的]
alienist n.精神病医师 [ALIEN+ist]
alight v.降下;落在
alimentary a.食物的;营养的 [ALIMENT 食物,营养品]
alimentation n.营养
alimony n.离婚赡养费;扶养费 [L alimonia nutriment <alere nourish]
alkali n.碱 [ME<medL,<Arab al-kali calcined ashes<kala fry]
allay v.使缓和;使镇静 [al+LAY摆放 ally同盟]
allege v.声称;宣称 [ALLEGATION(无证据)指控 illegal不合法的
allegiance忠诚]
allegiance n.忠贞;忠实 [E<AF<OF ligeance(LIEGE): perh assoc with
ALLIANCE(ally的名词)(为共同目标而结的)联盟;同盟 关系
allegory n.讽喻;寓言 [ME<OF allegorie<Gk allegoria<allos other +
-agoriaspeaking]
allergy n.过敏症;厌恶 [allergic过敏的,对讨厌的 ergo-phobia厌工作症]
alleviate v.减轻痛苦;缓和 [levity轻率]
alley n.小巷;小径 [ME<OF alee walking, passage<aler go<L
ambulare walk]
alligator n.水陆两用战车;短吻鳄 [Sp el lagarto the lizard<L
lacerta]
allocate v.拨下;留下 [allocation拨给,分配 location地点]
allopath n.用对症疗法的医生 [同allopathist = ALLOPATHY ] [allopathic
对症疗法的homeopathic顺势疗法的]
alloy n.合金 [unalloyed 未搀杂的;纯粹的]
allude v.暗指;提及 [ludicrous嬉笑的,可笑的 allusion暗示]
allure v.引诱 [al+luere=LURE诱饵,魅力 allurement诱惑物]
allusion n.暗示;暗讽;引谕;引述 [ALLUDE) in ~ to 暗指,暗示.
v.allude]
alluvial a.冲积的 [alluvium 冲积土]
ally n.盟国;支持者 [perh dimin of ALABASTER 雪花石膏(制)的;白润光滑的]
alms n.施舍;周济;布施 [OE 'lmysse, -messe,< <eleemon(adj)<eleos
compassion]
aloof a.远离的;不接近的 [a+loof= LUFF逆风而行]
alpine a.高山的;阿尔卑斯山的 [L Alpinus: ALP]
alteration n.变更;改造 [altercation 口角,激辩,争吵]
alternate v.轮流 [(常与with连用) alternus交替 alter其它]
altitude n.高度;海拔 [ME<L altitudo<altus high]
altruism n.利他主义 [altru=alter其它+ism]
alumnus n.学生;毕业生校友 [L, = nursling, pupil< alere nourish]
amalgamate v.混合;合并 [AMALGAM混合物 AMASS积聚]
amanuensis n.笔记者;文书 [L<(servus)a manu secretary + -ensis
belonging to]
amass v.积累;收集
amateurish a.业余的;不熟练的 [(反professional) theatricals票友戏
AMATEUR业余爱好者
morous多情的 L amator -oris lover]
amatory a.恋爱的;色情的
amazon n.女战士[<G."无乳房";
传说古时亚马逊女战士为拉弓射箭之便割除右乳房) Amazon(希)亚马逊族女战士(住
在黑海边)
ambidextrous a.十分灵巧的 [LL ambidexter<ambi- on both sides + dexter
right-handed]
ambiguity n.暧昧;含糊话 [L ambiguitas(AMBIGUOUS)]
ambiguous a.含糊的 [ambiguity模棱两可]
ambivalent a.好恶参半的 [valiant勇敢的 ambivalence矛盾心理 G
Ambivalenz <L ambo both,
after equivalence, -ency ambivalence] [爱憎感情并存]
amble n.徐行;缓行 [amble=ambul走路 ambulence救护车 ample丰富的]
ambulatory a.可走动的;行走的 [ambula走+tory perambulate走过;徘徊于
L perambulare
perambulat-(PER-, ambulare walk)]
ambush v.埋伏 [ME<OF <a Rmc form = 'put in a wood': rel to BUSH]
ameliorate v.改善,改良 [alt. of MELIORATE after F ameliorer]
amenable a.有服从义务的;愿服从的 [a+ men= mener驱赶动物]
amend v.修正;订正 [ME<OF amender ult.<L emendare EMEND]
amendment n.改正;修正 [amends赔偿,补偿]
amenity n.适意;礼仪 [amen-ity=pleasant]
amiable a.和蔼可亲的;悦人的 [强调人自身具备的性格和蔼
=lovable]
amicable a.友善的 [LL amicabilis<amicus friend]
amid prep.在其中;在其间 [ME amidde(s)<OE on ON + MID]
amigo n.朋友 [amiga 女性朋友]
amiss a.错;有毛病的 [ME prob<ON mis so as to miss<on + mis rel to
MISS]
amity n.和好;和睦 [ami=amicus朋友+ty]
amnesia n.健忘症 [amnesty 大赦]
amnesty n.大赦 [F amnestie or L<Gk amnestia oblivion]
amoral a.非道德的;不属道德的 [a+MORAL immoral不道德的,淫荡的]
amorist n.好色之徒;爱情小说作者 [L amor or F amour + -IST]
amorous a.易动情的;情爱的 [AMOR爱+our]
amorphous a.无定型的 [metamorphose变形]
amortization n.分期偿还 [immortal不朽的]
amphibian a.水陆两栖的 [amphi两者,两侧,周围+bian]
amphitheater n.圆形剧场 [amphi周围+THEATER剧场]
ample a.充足的 [ampl=amplus大,多+e amble散步 amplify放大]
amplify v.扩大 [AMPLE+fy amplitude广阔,丰富]
amplitude n.广阔;振幅 [ampli=AMPLE+tude]
amputate v.切断;剪切 [amputee截肢者]
amuck ad.疯狂地
amulet n.护身符 [amu-let]
anabolism n.同化作用 [Gk anabole ascent(ANA-, ballo throw)]
anachronism n.时代错误 [chronicle编年史]
analgesic a.止痛的 [nostalgia怀旧]
analogous a.类似的 [prologue序言]
anarchy n.无政府状态;混乱 [anarchic无政府的]
anathema n.诅咒;讨厌的人或物 [ecclL, = excommunicated person,
excommunication,<Gk
anathema thing devoted,(later)accursed] [thing,<anatithemi set up]
anatomy n.解剖;解剖学 [ana+tomy]
ancestor n.祖先;先驱者 [ANTE-, cedere cess- go]
anchorite n.隐士;隐居修道的 [ancho 铁锚 rite 仪式]
ancillary a.辅助的;附属的 [<ancilla女仆]
anecdote n.逸话;轶事[AN-, ekdotos<ekdidomi publish) anecdotage 逸话(集);(戏)(好谈往事的)老年(与dotage
(老耋)接合而 带谐虐意味)
anemia n.贫血 [anemic 贫血的;衰弱的,无精打采的]
anesthetic n.麻醉剂 [anesthetize 麻醉;使麻痹 aesthetic美学]
angle n.角;见地;观点;钓鱼 [an acute (obtuse) ~ 锐(钝)角 take the ~
测量角度 He looked at
the problem only from his own ~.]
anguish n.极大痛苦 [angu痛苦+ish anguished很痛苦的 ANGER]
animadvert v.批评;责备 [L animadvertere<animus mind + advertere (AD-,
vertere
vers- turn) animadversion批评;非难]
animalcule n.微生物 [anim气息,心,生命 animism万物有灵论]
animated a.活生生的 [anim生命+ated magnanimous大度的 animation活泼,卡通]
animosity n.仇恨 [anim生命 +osity]
animus n.恶意;意图 [L, = spirit, mind]
ankle n.脚脖子;踝 [ME<ON ankul-(unrecorded)<Gmc: rel to ANGLE]
annals n.纪年表;历史记载 [自annus而来,意为年]
anneal v.锻炼(金属、玻璃等) [an表趋向+ne+al火]
annex v.附加 [an表趋向+nex捆绑]
annihilate v.消灭 [nehilism虚无]
annotate v.注解 [annotation注解 connotation内涵]
annoyance n.烦恼;为难的事
annual a.一年的;每年的,一年生的 [ME<OF annuel<LL annualis<L
annalis< annus year]
annuity n.年金;养老金 [annui=annuus年+ty ANNUAL annuitant领受养老金者]
annul v.废止;宣告无效 [ME<OF anuller<LL annullare(AD-, nullus
none)]
anomalous a.反常的;不规则的 [anomaly 反常]
anon ad.不久;立刻 [<OE on an into one,记an-on或anonymous; anonymous的缩写]
anonymous a.无名的;匿名的 [anomymity无名,匿名 synonym同义字
antonym反义词]
antagonism n.敌对 [ANTAGONIST敌手,对手]
antecedence n.居先;在前 [recede 后退]
antedate v.在信上写上较早日期 [ante- {字首}表示"前的"之意]
antediluvian a.原始的;大水前的 [ante+diluvi=diluvium= DELUGE洪水+an]
antenna n.触角;天线 [拉丁 = sail-yard]
anterior a.较早的;以前的 [ante-rior anteriority 居先;在前]
anthem n.圣歌;赞美歌 [national anthem]
anthology n.诗集;文选 [anthesis开花期]
anthropoid a.似人类的;似猿的 [anthropo人,人类+id似 misanthrope厌世者]
anthropology n.人类学 [anthropophagous 吃人的]
anthropomorphic a.神人同形的 [anthropo+morph+ic anthropomorphous
有人形的,有人性的]
Unit 3
antibiotic n.抗生素;抗菌的 [<F antibiotique; ANTI-,GK biotikos适合于生命的
<bios生命]
antibody n.抗体 [anti-BODY]
antic a.古怪的;笨拙的 [antics滑稽的动作 ANTIQUE古董 attic阁楼]
anticipate v.预期;期待 [anticipatory预期的 precipitate加速;沉淀]
anticlimax n.令人泄气的转变 [anti-climax]
antidote n.解毒药 [DOTE老年痴呆 DOSE药剂 overdose药剂过量]
antielectron n.反电子;正电子
antigen n.抗原 [ANTIBODY, -GEN]
antipathy n.憎恶 [<GK antipathes 憎恶; ANTI-, pathos -eos 感情]
antipodal a.正相反的 [anti+podal]
antiquated a.陈旧的;过时的 [<ANTIQUE antiquity古老,高龄]
antique a.古代的 [F antique or L antiquus, anticus former, ancient<ante before]
antiques n.古董
antiquity n.古旧;古代;古代的人 [< L antiquitas -tatis<antiquus:
ANTIQUE]
antiseptic n.消毒剂;防腐剂 [septic 有菌的,感染的]
antisocial a.厌恶社交的 [anti-SOCIAL]
antithesis n.相反;对照;对偶 [Gk antitithemi set against (ANTI-, tithemi
place)]
antonym n.反义词 [ANTI-, SYNONYM]
anvil n.铁砧 [OE anfilte etc]
apathetic a.冷淡的 [APATHY, after PATHETIC 可怜的;悲惨的;无价值的]
apathy n.冷淡;漠不关心 [F apathie<apathes without feeling<a-
not+pathos suffering]
aperitif n.开胃酒 [F aperitif<medL aperitivus<L aperire to open]
aperture n.孔;开口 [APERITIF开胃酒]
apex n.顶点;最高点 [a+ peak顶峰]
aphorism n.格言;警语 [adage格言 maxim公理,格言]
apiary n.养蜂场;蜂房 [aviary养鸟场 apiculture养蜂业]
apiculture n.养蜂 [L apis bee, after AGRICULTURE]
apiece ad.每人;每个 [cost ten cents ~ 每个一角 A + PIECE]
aplomb n.沉着 [a+plomb 坠垂直线的铅锤 PLUMMET]
apocalyptic a.启示的;天启的 [APOCALYPSE启示,启示录 apogee远地点
ME<Gkapokalupsis<apokalupto uncover, reveal]
apocryphal a.真伪可疑的;作者不明的 [apo远+cryph隐藏+al apocrypha伪经
cryptic隐藏的,秘密的apocrypha 旁经;伪经]
apogee n.远地点;最高点 [apo远+gee地球 peri-gee近地点 geo-logy地质学
geo=gee]
apologize v.道歉 [apo-log-ize apologetic道歉的;歉意的]
apologue n.寓言 [F apologue <Gk apologos story(APO-, logos discourse)]
apolune n.远月点 [(月卫轨道最远点;反perilune) APO-+L luna moon,
after apogee]
apostate n.背教者;脱党者 [APOSTASY叛教,脱党]
apothecary n.药剂师 [apothec= apotheke储藏间+ary]
apothegm n.格言 [apo+the+gm]
apotheosis n.神圣的理想;神化之物 [ap+theos神+is theology神学
deify神化]
appall v.使惊骇 [appallling可怕的]
apparatus n.器具;器官;组织 [L <apparare apparat- make ready for]
apparel n.精制的衣服 [appar+el;apparent明显的]
apparition n.幽灵 [ME<F apparition or<L apparitio attendance(APPEAR)]
appeal v.恳请;呼吁 [ME<OF apel, apeler<L appellare to address]
appease v.抚慰;使平静 [ME<AF apeser, OF apaisier<a to+pais PEACE]
appellate a.控诉的;上诉的 [L appellatus(APPEAL, -ATE) appellant n.上诉人;a.控诉的]
appellation n.称号;名称 [ME<OF<L appellatio -onis(APPEAL, -ATION)]
append v.附加 [L appendere hang appendage 附加物]
appetence n.欲望;性欲;本能 [F appetence or L appetentia <appetere
seek after]
appetite n.胃口;食欲 [appetizing开胃的]
applicable a.生效的;适合的 [APPLY]
apposite a.适当的 [L appositus pp. of apponere(AD-, ponere put)]
appraise v.鉴定 [APPRIZE by assim to PRAISE]
appreciable a.明显的;重要的 [perceptible感觉到的 appreciative
感谢的;赞赏的]
apprehend v.理解;逮捕;忧惧 [prehensile能抓住的apprehensive
焦虑的;悟性好的]
apprehension n.挂念;忧虑;逮补 [APPREHEND, -ION]
apprise v.通知 [F appris -ise pp. of apprendre learn, teach(APPREHEND)]
approachable a.可靠近的;随和的 [reproach指责 reapproach再接近
reproachable应受责备的]
approbation n.许可;承认 [APPROBATE通过;许可;称赞; -ATION]
appropriate v.拨款;盗用;恰当的 [LL appropriatus pp. of appropriare(AD-,
propriusown)]
approximate v.近似;近似的 [AD-, proximus very near]
appurtenance n.(土地上)附属物 [APPERTAIN 附属,关系,适合, -ANCE]
apron n.围裙 [ME naperon etc<OF dimin of nape table-cloth<L mappa:
for loss
of n cf ADDER 加者,计算者 = adding] [machine]
apropos ad.恰好地 [F propos<to+propos PURPOSE 目的;计划;意图]
aptitude n.才能;性向 [F<LL aptitudo -inis(APT, -TUDE)apt易于;恰当的]
aquaplane n.滑水板;滑水板游戏 [<L aqua 水 + PLANE]
aquarelle n.水彩画;水彩画法 [<Ita. acquarella= water-colour 水彩;
<L aqua 水]
aquatic a.水生的;水中的 [aqueous 水的]
aqueduct n.高驾渠;渡槽 [L aquae ductus conduit<aqua water + ducere
duct- tolead]
aquiline a.钩状的;似鹰的 [L aquilinus<aquila eagle]
arabesque a.阿拉伯式的 [F<It arabesco<arabo Arab]
arable a.适于耕种的;可开垦的 [F arable or L arabilis<arare to
plough 耕地,田;北斗七星]
arbiter n.仲裁人 [arbitrator公断人]
arbitrary a.武断的 [L arbitrarius or F arbitraire(ARBITER,-ARY)arbitrate仲裁,公断]
arbitrator n.仲裁人;审判者 [ARBITRATION仲裁,公断, arbitrate 仲裁
L arbitrari judge]
arboreal a.树的;木本的 [L arboreus arboretum 植物园]
arcade n.骑楼 [F<Prov arcada or It arcata<Rmc: rel to ARCH]
arcane a.神秘的;秘密的 [F arcane or L arcanus<arcere shut up<arca
chest]
archaeology n.考古学 [<Gk arkhaiologia ancient history(ARCHAEAN,
-LOGY)]
archaic a.古代的;已不通用的 [F archaique<Gk arkhaikos(ARCHAEAN)]
archetype n.原形 [L archetypum<Gk arkhetupon(ARCH-, tupos stamp)]
archipelago n.列岛 [It arcipelago<Gk arkhi- chief+pelagos sea(orig =
theAegean Sea)]
archives n.档案;档案保存处
ardent a.热心的;热烈的 [ardor 的形容词 an ~ patriot
满腔热忱的爱国者]
ardor n.热心 [<L."热(度)")with ~ 热心地]
arduous a.费力的;艰巨的 [L arduus steep, difficult]
arena n.竞技场 [L(h)arena sand, sand-strewn place of combat]
argonaut n.冒险家;投机者;叛徒 [(希腊神话)亚哥号上的人员(与Jason同乘亚哥号(the
Argo)船前往科基斯(Colchis)寻找金羊毛(the] [Golden Fleece)之一行人)]
argot n.暗语 [argosy 大商船;大商船队]
arid a.干燥的;干燥无味的 [F aride or L aridus <arere be dry aridly
贫瘠地]
aright ad.正;正确地
aristocrat n.贵族 [<F aristocrate ARISTOCRATIC贵族政治的;主张贵族统治的]
arithmetic n.算术;算术的 [<Gk arithmetike(tekhne)art of counting<arithmosnumber]
ark n.方舟;笨重难看的船 [OE <L arca chest]
armada n.舰队 [arm=ARMY+ada舰队]
armament n.军备;武器;装备 [ARM, -MENT]
armistice n.休战;停战 [truce 停战;休止;中止]
armory n.武器制造厂;室内教练场 [armor plate (军舰、战车等的)装甲板]
aroma n.芳香;气派,风格 [L<Gk aroma -atos spice]
aromatic a.芳香的 [(AROMA, -IC)aroma芳香,气派,风格 L <Gk aroma -atos
spice]
arraign v.提讯;控告 [ME<AF (ult AD-, L ratio -onis reason, discourse)]
arrant a.极端的;完全的 [ME, var of ERRANT]
array v.排列 [ME<AF araier, OF areer ult<a Gmc root, = prepare]
arrears n.债;欠债 [AD-, retro backwards: arrear(<L."在后")(工作、付款)延误]
arrest v.阻止;遏止 [~ the spread of the fire 阻止火势的蔓延
arrestant 制虫剂]
arrogance n.自大;傲慢 [arrogant自大的;傲慢的]
arrogate v.冒称;霸占 [L arrogare arrogat-(AD-, rogare ask)]
arson n.非法纵火;放火 [arsonist纵火犯ardent热情的ars=ard ;ars艺术arse屁股;闲荡]
articulate v.清楚说话;接合 [L articulatus(ARTICLE, -ATE)]
artifacts n.史前古器物 [artificer 技师;工匠 artificial不自然的,虚假的]
artifice n.策略;诡计 [<ars artis art, -ficium making<facere make
artifact手工艺品]
artisan n.工匠 [F<It artigiano, ult<L artitus pp. of artire instruct
in thearts]
artless a.粗俗的;自然的
ascend v.上升;攀爬 [ascendancy统治者,支配力量 ascent上升 descend下降]
ascendant a.上升的;优越的
ascertain v.确定 [ME<OF acertener, stem acertain-<to+CERTAIN]
ascetic a.苦行的 [<asketes monk<askeo exercise asceticism
禁欲主义,苦行生活]
ascribe v.归于 [ME<L ascribere(AD-, scribere script- write)]
aseptic a.无菌的 [anti-sept-ic抗菌药]
ashen a.灰色的
asinine a.愚鲁的 [asin= asinus驴子ASS+ine]
askance ad.斜视地
askew ad.斜地 [A+SKEW歪曲,歪斜,弯曲]
aslope a.ad.成斜坡;倾斜
asp n.毒蛇;埃及产眼镜蛇 [ME <OF aspe or L aspis <Gk n.= aspen
白杨;似白杨的;颤抖的]
aspen n.白杨;白杨似的;摇晃的 [earlier name asp + -EN forming adj.
taken as nounasp毒蛇]
asperity n.粗暴;艰苦 [ME<OF asperite or L asperitas<asper rough
prosperity繁荣]
asperse v.诽谤 [(AD-, spargere sprinkle)aspersion中伤;(天主教)洒水]
aspirant n.热望者 [F aspirant or<L aspirant- (PIRE(<L."对呼气")渴望,一心]
aspiration n.抱负 [ME<OF aspiration ASPIRATE把发成h音;抽出(液体或气体)]
aspire v.热望,怀大志,切望 [ME<F aspirer or L aspirare< ad to +
spirare breathe]
asquint a.ad.斜视;斜的 [ME perh. <Du. schuinte slant]
assail v.攻击 [AD-, salire salt- leap]
assassin n.刺客 [F assassin or <med.L assassinus <Arab. hassashashish-eater]
assault n.突然袭击;猛袭 [as+sault=sail]
assay v.分析;试验 [ME<OF assaier, assai, var of essayer, essai;ESSAY]
assemble v.聚集 [<L ad to+simul together. assemblage 集合;集合物]
assent v.同意;赞成 [ME<OF asenter, as(s)ente ult<L assentari(ad to,
sentire think)]
assert v.断言;主张 [assertive 言语果敢的;断言的 assertion 主张;断言,确言]
assess v.估定;定...额;评价;估价 [~ a tax at 10 pounds; ~ a statement
at its trueworth]
asset n.财产;可取之处 [as-set]
asseverate v.断言 [L asseverare(AD-, severus serious)]
assiduous a.勤勉的 [L assiduus(SESS)assidulity勤勉,励精]
assimilate v.吸收 [ME<L assimilare(AD-, similis like)]
assize n.裁判;法定价格 [ME <OF as(s)ise, fem. pp. of aseeir sit at,
<ASSESS]
assonance n.类音;类韵;母韵 [AD-, sonus sound]
assort v.分类;配齐;相交 [OF assorter <a to + sorte SORT. assorted
组合的,各色俱备的]
assuage v.平息;减轻 [ME<OF as(s)ouagier ult<L suavis sweet;
unassuaged 未缓和的]
assumption n.担任;假设 [ME<OF asompsion or L assumptio(SUME, -ION)]
assure v.确告 [assured自信的assurance自信;保证 reassure使安心]
astir a.ad.骚动;活动;兴奋 [A + STIR n.骚动；传播；流行]
astound v.使...大吃一惊,惊愕 [obs. astound (adj.) = astoned pp. of obs.
astone:astonish]
astral a.星的;多星的 [LL astralis<astrum star]
astray a.迷路的;误入歧途的 [a+STRAY走离]
Unit 4
astringent a.收敛性的;止血的 [stringent 严格的;严厉的]
astrolabe n.星盘
astrology n.占星学 [ASTRO-, -LOGY]
astute a.机敏的;狡猾的 [obs F astut or L astutus<astus craft]
asunder ad.散开;碎散;分别 [OE on sundran into pieces: cf SUNDER分为二,分开,切开]
asylum n.收容所;避难所 [ME<Gk asulon refuge<a- not + sulon right
ofseizure捕捉,扣押]
asymmetric a.不均匀的;不对称的
atheistic a.无神论者的 [atheism无神论]
athirst a.渴;渴望 [OE ofthyrst for ofthyrsted pp. of ofthyrstan be
thirsty]
athlete n.比赛者,运动家;强壮的人[L athleta<Gk athletes<
athleo contend for a prize(athlon)]
athletics n.pl.运动 [athlete运动员]
athwart ad.横穿过去;不顺利地 [A+THWART(<古北欧语"横过")妨碍,反对,使挫折]
atlas n.地图集 [L<Gk Atlas -antos a Titan who held up the pillars of
theuniverse, whose picture appeared at the beginning] of [early atlases]
atomy n.微小之物;原子;矮人 [ANATOMY剖析;解剖学;骨骸 taken as
an atomy]
atonal a.无调的
atone v.补偿;赎罪 [back-form<ATONEMENT 赎罪 at one + -MENT, after
medL
adunamentum and earlier onement<obs] [one(v)unite]
atrocious a.凶暴的;残酷的 [L atrox -ocis cruel atrocity暴行]
atrophy v.使衰退;使萎缩 [F atrophie or LL atrophia<Gk<a-
not+trophe food]
attach v.附上,贴上;使属于 [ME<OF estachier fasten<Gmc: in Law
sense thr. OFatachier]
attachment n.附着;依恋;逮捕;扣押 [ME<F attachement<attacher(ATTACH,
-MENT)]
attainment n.成就;造诣;学识
attentive a.注意周到的;倾听的 [ME<F<attente, OF atente, fem pp.
of atendre ATTEND]
attenuate v.使变细;使弱 [AD-, tenuis thin]
attest v.证明;证实 [AD-, testis witness]
attic n.阁楼 [F attique, as ATTIC古怪的: orig a small order above a
taller one]
attire n.服装;盛装;打扮 [ME<OF atir(i)er equip<a tire in order]
attorney n.代理人;律师 [ME<OF atorne pp. of atorner assign<to+torner
turn]
attribute n.品性 [<L attribuere attribut-(AD-, tribuere assign)]
attrition n.摩擦;磨损 [ME<LL attritio<atterere attrit- rub]
attune v.使合拍调;使调和 [AT-+TUNE]
atypical a.非典型的;不正常的
auction v.n.拍卖;拍卖人 [L auctio increase, auction<augere auct-
increase]
audacious a.大胆的;目中无人的 [L audax -acis bold<audere dare
audacity胆识;大胆;无耻]
audible a.听得见的,可听见的 [LL audibilis< audire hear. audibility
听得见,可听性]
audience n.听众;观众 [<audire hear]
audit n.检查(项目) [ME<audire audit- hear audition听觉;试听(歌手等)]
auditorium n.听众席,观众席;大讲堂 [L neut. of auditorius (adj.):
AUDITORY, -ORIUM]
augment v.增加 [ME<OF augment(n), <L augere increase]
augury n.占兆 [ME<OF augurie or L augurium<AUGUR]
august a.堂堂的;威风凛凛的 [F auguste or L augustus consecrated,
venerable]
aural a.耳的;听觉的 [L auris ear auricular耳的;听觉的;耳语的]
aureate a.金色的;灿烂的 [ME<LL aureatus<L aureus golden<aurum
gold]
aureole n.光环 [ME<L aureola(corona), = golden(crown), fem of aureolus]
auroral a.北极光的 [AURORA 极光;夜晚女神]
auscultation n.听诊 [L auscultatio<auscultare listen to]
auspice n.前兆;赞助;资助 [under the ~s of the company = under the
company orig'observation of bird-flight in divination':<auspex] [observer avis bird.
auspicate 开张;开幕式]
auspicious a.幸运的 [(auspice 的形容词)an ~ sign 吉兆 auspicial
占卜的;幸运的]
austere a.苛刻的 [ME<OF<Gk austeros severe austerity严格,朴素;节约生活]
austral a.南方的;向南的 [ME<L australis<Auster south wind]
authentic a.可信的,确实的,真正的 [ME<OF autentique<Gk
authentikos principal,genuine]
authenticate v.证实;鉴定;使生效 [medL authenticare: AUTHENTIC确实的,可信的]
authoritative a.权威的;可靠的 [authorization 授权;委任;认可,授权书]
authorize v.授权;委任;认为正当 [e<auctor: AUTHOR authoritative权威的authorization授权]
autocrat n.独裁者 [AUTO-, kratos power autocracy独裁政治]
autodidact n.自学者 [AUTO- + didact as DIDACTIC]
automatism n.自动;自动作用 [<automate AUTOMATON自动机械装置;机器人(robot)]
automaton n.自动机器;机器人 [L, neut of automatos acting of itself:
AUTO-automatism自动]
autonomous a.自主的 [AUTONOMY自制,自制团体 auto自己+nomous法律]
autopsy n.验尸 [F autopsie or modL autopsia<Gk<autoptes eye-witness]
autotelic a.自己本身具有目的的 [AUTO- + Gk telos end]
auxiliary n.a.帮助者;辅助的 [L auxiliarius<auxilium help]
avail v.利益;效用 [ME <obs. vail (v.) <OF valoir be worth <L
valere]
avalanche n.雪崩;涌至 [F, alt of dial lavanche after avaler descend]
avarice n.贪婪 [ME<OF<L avaritia<avarus greedy avaricious贪婪的]
avatar n.神之化身;具体化 [Skr avatara descent<va down+tr- pass
over]
avenge v.报仇;复仇 [<L vindicare vindicate(<L."要求")证明<某人>无辜或清白]
aver v.断言 [ME<OF averer(AD-, L verus true) averment 断言,主张;申辩]
averse a.不愿意的;反对的 [L aversus(AVERT)aversion嫌恶,反感;讨厌的人]
avert v.避开;掉开 [ME<L avertere(AB-, vertere vers- turn): partly<OFavertir<Rmc]
aviary n.鸟的小屋;禽舍 [avi鸟+ary场所 aviatrix女飞行员 avian
鸟类的]
aviate v.用飞机飞行 [back-form. <AVIATION]
aviculture n.养鸟;鸟类饲养 [L avis bird, after AGRICULTURE]
avid a.贪婪的;渴望的 [F avide or L avidus<avere crave]
avocation n.副业;嗜好 [L avocatio<avocare call away]
avouch v.保证;确说 [ME<OF avochier<L advocare(AD-, vocare call)]
avow v.公开承认 [ME<OF avouer acknowledge(AD-, vocare call) avowal声明,承认]
avuncular a.如叔(伯)父的 [L avunculus maternal uncle, dimin of
avusgrandfather]
await v.等待;准备作...之用 [AD-, waitier WAIT]
awe n.敬畏 [ME age<ON agi<Gmc awe-inspiring令人起敬畏心(恐怖心)的]
awhile ad.暂时;暂且 [OE ane hwile a while]
awning n.雨篷;凉篷 [awning window 遮蓬窗 awn(麦等之)芒(beard)]
awry ad.歪;斜;错误地 [ME<A+WRY(一时)不高兴的;皱眉的;讽刺的]
axiom n.定理 [<axios worthy axiomatic公理的;格言的]
axiomatic a.公理的;通则的 [axiom(数学逻辑)公理 axiom of choice (数)选择公理]
axle n.轮轴;轴;车轴 [axle-tree<ME axel-tre<ON]
azure a.天青色的 [ME<OF asur, azur, <Arab al the+lazaward]
babble v.唠叨 [ME<MLG babbelen, or imit]
baccalaureate n.学士学位;告别训辞 [<L baccalaureatus <baccalaureus
bachelor]
bacchanalian a.饮酒狂欢的 [<Bacchus god of wine bacchant酒徒Bacchae酒神Bacchus女伴]
backbite v.背后诽谤 [backbiting 诽谤;背后造谣中伤]
backlog n.积压订货;蓄积;预备 [backblocks人烟稀少的backboard篮板
backbreaker 艰苦的工作,]
bacteria n.pl.细菌;传染菌
badge n.v.徽章;标记;象徵
badger v.獾;困扰;小贩 [<BADGE徽章;标记, with ref to its white
forehead mark ]
[badger game美人计 Badger State (the ~)美国威斯康辛州别称]
badinage n.嘲弄;揶揄;开玩笑 [F<badiner to joke]
baffle v.使迷惑;阻挠 [F bafouer ridicule, OF beffer mock baffling阻碍的;使困惑]
bail n.保释金;担保
bait n.v.饵;小憩;置饵于 [ME<ON beita hunt or chase badger baiting
耍獾的游戏]
bald a.无毛的;单调的 [ME ballede, orig 'having a white blaze', ball- 'whitepatch']
bale v.灾难;不幸
balk v.中止;阻碍
ballad n.民谣;歌谣 [ME<OF balade<Prov balada dancing-song<balar
to dance]
ballast n.压载物;压仓物 [16th c:<LG or Scand, of uncert orig]
ballerina n.芭蕾舞女 [It, fem of ballerino dancing-master<ballare
dance<LL:BALL]
ballot n.投票用小球;投票."小球 "
balmy a.温和的;芳香的 [BALM香油,镇定剂,安慰,芳香]
bamboozle v.欺骗;愚弄;使迷惑 [the Bamboo Curtain竹幕(中国大陆与西方世界在政治和意识形态上不同所形成的障碍;尤其194]9[至1976年间)]
ban v.n.禁令;法规;逐出教门 [OE bannan summon <Gmc]
banal a.平凡的;陈腐的 ['compulsory', 'common to all',<F<ban(BAN)banality平凡,陈腐]
bandage n.绷带;蒙眼用布;包扎
bandanna n.大手帕 [prob Port<Hindi]
bandbox n.装帽纸盒;薄板盒
bandit n.强盗,盗贼,土匪;歹徒 [It. bandito (pl. -iti), pp. of bandire
ban: BANISH驱逐]
bane n.毒;危害;毁灭(的原因) [Gambling was the ~ of his life.
赌博是他的致命伤.]
baneful a.有害的 [BANE毒,危害;毁灭(的原因)]
banish v.放逐;驱逐出境;忘忧 [ME<OE banir ult<Gmc]
banister n.栏杆小柱 [同baluster balustrade有小柱(baluster)的栏干bap小型卷式面包]
bankrupt n.a.v.破产;使破产 [BANK, L rumpere rupt- break]
banner n.v.旗;标志;大标题
banter n.嘲弄
baptism n.洗礼 [<ecclGk baptismos<baptizo BAPTIZE施行洗礼;取名]
barb n.倒钩;刺人的话 [ME<OF barbe<L barba beard barbed有刺的]
barbaric a.未开化的,野蛮作风的 [<L barbaricus<barbaros
foreign]
barbarous a.野蛮的;异国语的 [orig of any foreign language or
people:<Gk barbaros
foreign babarity蛮行,残忍,粗野]
barbecue n.v.烤肉架;烤肉野餐 [Sp barbacoa<Haitian barbac wooden
frame on posts]
barcarole n.船夫歌 [威尼斯运河平底舟(gondola)船歌 Barcelona
巴塞隆纳]
barge n.v.舢板;运输;蹒跚 [ME<OF perh<medL barica<Gk baris
Egyptian boat]
bark v.吼叫;咳嗽;剥树皮 [同BARQUE ME<F prob<Prov barca<L
barca ship's boat]
barley n.大麦 [OE b lic(adj)<bere barley]
barm n.啤酒泡 [OE beorma barmy 充满酵母的;起泡沫的;笨的]
barn n.谷仓;巴安(断面单位) [perh<phrase 'as big as a barn']
barometer n.气压计;晴雨表
baron n.男爵;大王 [ME<AF barun, OF baron<medL baro, -onis man]
baroque a.过分装饰的;俗丽的 [F(orig = 'irregular pearl')<Port
barroco]
barque n.咆哮;多桅帆船;树皮 [<L barca ship's boat(<L."小船"→embark出航,搭乘;投入,从事]
barrack n.兵房;大而简陋建筑;驻扎 [app. <BORAK]
barrage n.弹雨;掩护炮火 [F<barrer(BAR)]
barren a.n.不妊的;不毛之地 [ME<AF barai(g)ne, OF barhaine etc]
barricade n.障碍物 [F<barrique cask<Sp barrica, rel to BARREL大桶;许多]
barrier n.栅栏;关卡;障碍 [ME<AF barrere, OF barriere]
barring prep.除...以外 [barrio (西班牙、波多黎各)地方行政区域;大城市之郊区]
barrister n.律师 [16th c:<BAR, perh after minister]
barrow n.手推车 [OE beorg<Gmc]
barter n.易货交易 [OF barater: BARRATOR使船主遭受损失的船长或船员;诉讼教唆犯;买卖圣职或官位者]
basal a.基础的;根本的
bash v.怒殴;猛烈的一击 [bang, smash, dash]
bashful a.害羞的;内向的 [obs bash(v), = ABASH]
bask v.取暖;曝日;沐浴于 [BATHE ABASK在阳光中,炉火旁(取暖)The
old man was lying ~ in thesun]
bastard n.a.非嫡子;可怜的;异常的 [ME <OF <med.L bastardus,
perh. <bastumpack-saddle]
baste v.殴打;公开责骂;涂油脂 [假缝,稀疏地缝布,衣服等;为防止烤焦在烤肉上涂调味酱]
bastille n.城堡;牢狱;巴斯蒂监狱 [bastir build: the fortress and
prison in Paris,
destroyed in 1789]
bastion n.城堡;设防地区 [F<It bastione<bastire build]
batch n.一炉(面包等);一组 [ME<OE b'cce<bacan BAKE]
bate v.压制;减弱 [BAIT = state of baited person]
Unit 5
bathos n.比小法;平凡而陈腐风格 [Gk, = depth]
baton n.警棒;指挥棒;接力棒 [F b on, baston ult<LL bastum stick]
bats a.神经不正常的;怪异的 [<phr. (have) bats in the belfry: BAT]
batten v.长肥 [ON batna get better<bati advantage]
batter v.n.以物易物;交换
battery n.殴打 [F batterie<batre, battre strike<L battuere]
battlement n.城墙牒口 [battlemented 有城垛的]
bauble n.美丽而无价值的装饰物 [ME<OF babel child's toy]
bawd n.淫话;鸨母;妓女 [ME <OF baudetrot, baudestroyt procuress bawdy
淫秽的]
bawl v.n.大叫;叫卖;叫骂 [medL baulare bark, Icel baula]
bayou n.海湾;支流;河口 [Amer. F: c<Choctau bayuk]
bazaar n.市场;杂货市集;义卖 [Pers bazar, prob through Turk and It]
beacon n.v.信号塔;警告;照明引导 [OE beacn<WG]
beam n.v.杆;光线;放射;微笑 [OE beam tree<WG]
beat n.a.脉博;独家报导;疲倦的 [OE beatan<Gmc]
beatific a.祝福的 [F beatifique or L beatificus<beatus blessed]
beatitude n.至上的幸福;至福 [F beatitude or L beatitudo<beatus
blessed]
beaver n.海狸;礼帽;下巴胡子 [work like a beaver勤奋地工作 eager
beaver 勤奋的人]
bedeck v.装饰 [DECK (~ oneself)打扮,修饰<out>(用)装饰<out>(with);甲板]
bedizen v.俗丽地穿著或装饰 [BE-+obs dizen deck out]
bedlam n.疯狂行为;精神病院 [hospital of St Mary of Bethlehem in
London]
bedraggle v.全身湿透;把衣服拖脏 [BE-+DRAGGLE(在泥中等)拖而弄脏;拖曳;下摆拖地]
beefy a.健壮的;结实的 [BEEF 牛肉;(人的)肌肉;身体的胖瘦,体重]
beet n.甜菜 [OE bete<L beta, perh of Celt orig]
beetle n.甲虫;木槌
befall v.发生;产生;降临 [BE-, feallan FALL) Evil befell him.
灾难临到他头上]
beget v.引起;产生 [OE begietan, formed as BE-+GET = procreate生育,生殖;产生]
begrudge v.羡慕;嫉妒 [GRUDGE]
beguile v.欺骗;诱骗 [BE-+obs guile to deceive beguiling欺骗的;消遣的]
behold v.看;(命令式)看呀 [BE-, haldan hold) lo and ~ 你瞧瞧 beholder
n.目睹者]
beholden a.蒙恩的;负有义务的 [pp.(obs except in this use)of ())BEHOLD看;
看呀, =bound]
behoove v.理应;有益于 [HOOVE(兽医)鼓胀症 hoover 用吸尘器扫除]
belabor v.重打;辱骂
belated a.误期的 [pp. of obs belate delay(BE-, LATE)]
beleaguer v.围攻 [camp round (BE-, leger a camp) beleaguered
面临很多困难]
belie v.掩饰 [OE beleogan(BE-, leogan LIE)]
belittle v.轻视
belle n.美女;绝世美女 [F <L bella fem. of bellus beautiful]
bellicose a.好战的;好争吵的 [ME<L bellicosus<bellum war]
belligerent a.交战的 [L belligerare wage war<bellum war+gerere wage]
bellow v.吼叫声;咆哮 [ME: perh. rel. to BELL]
belly n.腹;胃;食欲;鼓胀 [OE belig (orig. = bag) <Gmc]
belongings n.pl.财产;附属物;家眷
bemoan v.悲叹 [BE-+MOAN 牢骚,悲叹,哀悼]
benediction n.祝福;恩赐 [ME<OF<L benedictio -onis<benedicere -dict-
bless]
benefactor n.施主;捐助人 [ME<LL(BENEFIT)]
beneficial a.有益的;有利的;慈善的 [BENEFICE 圣俸(在英国国教为vicar或rector之收入)]
beneficiary n.受益人 [L beneficiarius(BENEFICE)]
benevolent a.慈善的;和蔼可亲的 [<L bene volens -entis well wishing
benevolence仁爱;慈善]
benighted a.蒙昧的;被黑暗笼罩的 [obs benight 使陷入黑暗;使愚昧;使无知]
benign a.亲切的;良好的 [ME<OF benigne<bene well+- genus born
benignity亲切,仁慈]
benison n.祝福 [ME<OF benein<L benedictio -onis]
benumb v.使麻痹;使昏迷不醒 [BE-, niman take]
bequeath v.遗赠;留传 [OE becwethan(BE-, cwethan say: cf QUOTH)bequest遗赠;遗产]
bequest n.遗赠;遗赠物 [ME<BE- + obs quiste<OE -cwiss, cwide
saying]
berate v.痛骂 [BE-+RATE严斥,斥责,骂 严斥(人),谩骂(at)]
bereave v.夺取 [OE bereafian(BE-, REAVE掠夺;劫夺;窃夺]
bereft a.被剥夺的 [pp. of BEREAVE]
berserk a.疯狂的 [<bern- BEAR+serkr coat; go ~ 发狂send a person ~
使人狂暴]
berth n.v.睡床;停泊处;停泊 [< BEAR 开花;结实(<OE "搬运")生儿女;具有,带有
+TH]
beseech v.恳求;哀恳 [ME<BE-+secan SEEK]
beset v.包围 [OE besettan<Gmc]
besiege v.围 [ME<assiege by substitution of BE-,<OF asegier<Rmc]
besmear v.涂;搽脏 [BE-, SMEAR)]
besmirch v.污;糟蹋 [BE-+ SMIRCH 弄脏;玷污;污点]
besom n.扫把 [OE besema]
bespeak v.指出 [OE bisprecan(BE-, SPEAK)]
bestial a.残忍的;野蛮的 [ME<OF<LL bestialis<bestia beast]
bestow v.赠与;利用 [ME<BE-+OE stow a place]
bestride v.跨骑 [OE bestridan]
betimes ad.早;及时;不久;有时 [ME<obs betime(BY, TIME)]
betoken v.表示 [OE(BE-, tacnian signify: TOKEN记号;证据(of);纪念品]
betray v.背叛;出卖;泄露 [ME<obs tray, ult<L tradere hand over]
betroth v.订婚 [ME<trouthe, TRUTH, later assim to TROTH真实,誓言;婚约]
beverage n.饮料 [ME<OF bevrage, ult<L bibere drink]
bevy n.一群鸟;一群人
beware v.注意;小心;警戒 [Beware of pickpockets. 谨防扒手 BE + WARE小心;器具;货物]
bewilder v.使为难,使不知所措 [BE- + obs. wilder lose one's way]
bewitch v.迷惑;陶醉 [OE wiccian enchant<wicca WITCH 女巫;迷人的女人;狐狸精]
bias n.n.斜线;成见,心里的倾向
bibliography n.文献学;参考书目 [bibliographie<modL bibliographia<Gk(BIBLE,-GRAPHY)]
bibliophile n.珍爱藏书者;藏书家 [F bibliophile(BIBLIO-, -PHILE)]
bibulous a.好饮水的;吸水的 [L bibulus freely drinking<bibere drink]
bicameral a.两院制的 [BI-+L camera chamber]
bicker v.n.插嘴;潺潺流;闪烁 [ME biker, beker]
bide v.居住;留;等待;忍受 [OE bidan <Gmc ~one's time 等待机会]
biennial a.两年一次的 [L biennis(BI-, annus year)]
bifurcate a.分为两部分 [medL bifurcare<L bifurcus two-forked(BI-,
furca fork)]
bigotry n.顽固 [BIGOT 顽固者,乖僻的人]
bilateral a.两边的;左右对称的
bile n.胆汁;不开心;脾气 [F<L bilis biliary 胆汁的;输送胆汁的]
bilge n.船底;船底的污垢 [prob var of BULGE(<L."袋")鼓起,凸出<out>]
bilingual a.能说两种语言的 [L bilinguis(BI-, lingua tongue)]
bilious a.患胆病的;坏脾气的 [L biliosus<bilis bile]
bilk v.欺骗;挫折;使人失望 [perh = BALK: (17th c) = spoil one's
opponent's score]
billingsgate n.下流话
bin n.储藏箱;收入收藏室 [OE bin(n), binne]
binary a.二进位的;二元的 [LL binarius <bini two together]
binge n.狂闹 [prob orig dial, = soak浸泡(在液体中)吸收,浴于(阳光)中]
bionomics n.生态学 [BIO- after ECONOMICS]
biopsy n.活体检查法 [F biopsie<Gk bios life+opsis sight, after
necropsy验尸]
biosphere n.生物圈 [BIO-, SPHERE(<G."球")球;天体;(活动、知识等)范围,领域]
biped n.两足动物 [L bipes -edis(BI-, pes pedis foot)]
bisect v.分为两断;(数)平分 [BI- + L secare sect- cut]
bison n.北美野牛;欧洲野牛 [ME <L <Gmc 同aurochs)]
bit n.片刻;小钱币;十二分半 [~s of glass玻璃碎片a ~ of hope一点希望on
the bit使马快奔]
bitch n.母狗;妓女;婊子
bivouac n.v.野营;露营地 [F, prob. <Swiss G Beiwacht additional guard
at night]
bizarre a.古怪的 [F, = handsome, brave,<Sp & Port bizarro<Basque
bizarrabeard]
blab v.多嘴的人
blackmail n.勒索 [BLACK+obs mail rent, OE mal<ON m l agreement]
blade n.叶;刃;扁平的部份;荡子
blanch v.使变白 [ME<OF blanchir<blanc white, BLANK空白的;空虚的;完全的]
bland a.温柔的;殷勤的 [L blandus soft, smooth]
blandish v.逢迎 [<L blandus soft, smooth. blandishment n.奉承,逢迎
Despite his~s, the young lady rejected his] [companionship.]
blare v.响声 [ME<MDu blaren, bleren, imit]
blarney n.恭维话 [Blarney, an Irish castle near Cork with a stone said to
confer a cajoling tongue on whoever kisses it]
blase a.厌烦于享乐或人生的
blasphemy n.骂神;冒渎;不敬;咒骂 [ME<OF blasfemie<ecclL<Gk
blasphemia slander,
blasphemy blasphemous 不敬神的 blaspheme 亵渎];[ 说不恭敬的话
blatant a.喧哗的;炫耀的 [a word used by Spenser(1596), perh after Sc
blatand =
bleating bleat 咩地叫;抱怨地说]
blazon v.宣布;用纹章装饰 [ME<OF blason shield;verb also<BLAZE
传播;火焰;烈火地狱]
bleach v.n.漂白 [bleachers 露天座位]
bleak a.寒冷的;荒凉的 [ME prob<ON bleikja, OHG bleicha<Gmc]
bleed v.流血;流出树液;榨钱 [OE bledan <Gmc]
blemish n.v.伤;污点;缺点;损伤 [ME<OF ble(s)mir(-ISH)make pale, prob
of Gmc orig]
blench v.退缩;变白;使变白 [ME<OE blencan, ult<Gmc]
blend v.混杂;混合[~ mayonnaise with other ingredients把蛋黄酱与其他材料混合
The colors of the rainbow~ into one anothe]r虹的色彩交融调和
bless v.神圣化;祈福 [OE bloedsian, <blod blood(hence mark with
blood,consecrate)]
blight n.v.障害;阴影;枯凋;挫折 [blighted毁灭的;受虫害的]
blink v.闪烁 [partly var of blenk = BLENCH, partly<MDu blinken shine]
bliss n.极乐;极大幸福;喜悦 [OE bliths, bliss <blithiz BLITHE:
sense infl. byBLESS]
blithe a.快乐的;无忧无虑的
blitz n.v.闪击战;以闪击战攻击 [abbr of BLITZKRIEG(<德语)=
blitz]
blizzard n.大风雪;突发事件 [US 'violent blow'(1829),
'snowstorm'(1859)]
bloat v.n.熏制;膨胀;自负 [obs. bloat swollen, soft and wet, perh.
<ON blautrsoaked, flabby]
bloated a.发胀的;傲慢的 [a ~ face 浮肿的脸 ~ with (from) overeating
因吃得太多而浮胖 a ~
politician 自大的政客 He is ~ with] [pride 他狂妄自大]
blockade n.v.封锁;堵塞;堵塞 [BLOCK+-ADE, prob after ambuscade= ambush]
blond a.金发男人 [ME <F <med.L blondus, blundus yellow, perh. of
Gmc orig.]
bloom n.花,开花;鲜美;红润 [OE bloma]
blossom n.花;群花;开花期,花季 [OE blostm(a) prob. formed as BLOOM]
blot n.v.污痕;弱点;抹脏;吸干 [ME prob. <Scand.: c<Icel. blettr
spot, stain]
blotch n.v.污点;斑点;弄脏 [17th c:<plotch and BLOT(墨水)污渍
blotchy满是疙瘩的]
bloted a.肿胀的
blotto a.烂醉的 [20th c: perh<BLOT]
blouse n.罩衫
blowhard n.吹牛大家
bludgeon n.v.棍棒;强迫;胁迫;恫吓 [~ a person to death 把某人打死
~ a person into going along 强迫某人同行]
blueprint n.蓝图;设计图
bluestocking n.女学者;醉心文学的女人 [from the (less formal) blue
stockings worn byone man at a literary society meeting c.1750]
bluff v.虚张声势
blunder v.犯错误 [ME prob<Scand: cf MSw blundra shut the eyes]
blunt a.钝的;粗卤的;生硬的 [blunge 混合(泥土与水等);参水拌]
blur v.使乌黑;变模糊 [16th c: perh rel to BLEAR<眼睛>花的;朦胧的,模糊不清的]
blurt v.滑口说出 [In his anger he ~ed out the secret
他在生气之下脱口说出了秘密]
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