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　　GRE全真题90(04)之三

　　If Wertz speaks in time slot 7, any of the following pairs of speakers could speak in time slots immediately adjacent to each other EXCEPT

　　Qualls and Ramirez

　　Ramirez and Umana

　　Smith and Qualls

　　Smith and Titus

　　Vines and Umana

　　答案：(A)

　　读题:7个人Q,R,S,T,U,V,W在会议上作演讲,每人在一个time slot.

　　写条件:

　　    1、 (QT) (表示Q和T紧密相邻,并且不分前后)

　　2、 T<R (表示T在R的前面)

　　3、 S=1/7 (表示S在1或者7)

　　4、 V= 4 (表示V在4)　

　　条件总结：

　　* 条件1和2联合:(QT)<R

　　* 注意: U, W没有任何限制，为等价元素。

　　如果W=7，下面哪一对能够在连续的位置，EXCEPT：

　　解题步骤:答案(A)　

　　题目其实问的就是哪一对must be 不能在连续的位置。

　　1、找涉及W和7的条件，由S=1/7， S=1

　　2、找固定条件 V=4

　　1 2 3 4 5 6 7

　　S V W

　　3、由连续条件 (QT）<R 得(QT)=2,3，(RU)=5,6

　　所以(Q,T)与(R,U)不能连续，故(A)对

　　If Umana speaks sometime before Qualls speaks, which of the following must be true?

　　Smith speaks sometime before Umana speaks.

　　Titus speaks sometime before Vines speaks.

　　Umana speaks sometime before Wertz speaks.

　　Vines speaks sometime before Ramirez speaks.

　　Wertz speaks sometime before Smith speaks.

　　答案：(D)

　　读题:7个人Q,R,S,T,U,V,W在会议上作演讲,每人在一个time slot.

　　写条件:

　　1、 (QT) (表示Q和T紧密相邻,并且不分前后)

　　2、 T<R (表示T在R的前面)

　　3、 S=1/7 (表示S在1或者7)

　　4、 V= 4 (表示V在4)　

　　条件总结：

　　* 条件1和2联合:(QT)<R

　　* 注意: U, W没有任何限制，为等价元素。

　　The relative hardness of five minerals-N, O, R, S, and T-is to be determined. One mineral is harder than another if drawing an edge of the first mineral across a surface of the second mineral produces a scratch; otherwise, the first mineral is either equally hard or not as hard as the second. The following results have so far been obtained:　

　　N scratches O.

　　R scratches S.

　　O does not scratch T.

　　Which of the following could be the five minerals in order from the hardest to the softest if no two of them are equally hard?

　　N, R, T, S, O

　　N, T, S, O, R

　　R, N, O, S, T

　　R, O, S, T, N

　　T, N, S, R, O

　　答案：(A)

　　If O scratches S, which of the following must be true?

　　N is harder than R.

　　N is harder than T.

　　R is harder than N.

　　R is harder than T.

　　T is harder than S.

　　答案：(E)

　　If S scratches T, any of the following pairs of minerals could be

　　the same hardness as each other EXCEPT

　　N and R

　　N and S

　　N and T

　　O and T

　　R and T

　　答案：(E)

　　The average life expectancy of the population of Japan has risen steadily since 1960 and is now the highest national average in the world, even though heart disease among the Japanese has increased since they began to eat more of the fatty foods typical of the diets of people in Western countries.　

　　Which of the following, if true, best helps to explain the steady rise in life expectancy that is cited above?

　　The average Westerner is still five times more likely to develop heart 　disease than is the average Japanese person.

　　Since 1960 the decline in illnesses that kill more Japanese people than 　does heart disease has been greater than the increase in heart disease.

　　The life expectancy of the average Westerner has risen at a slower rate　since 1960 than it did before 1960.

　　The Japanese diet has traditionally included many nonfatty foods that are　thought to reduce the risk of developing heart disease.

　　The life-style of some Japanese people includes regular exercise, which　is thought to help the heart resist the loss of strength that accompanies aging.

　　答案：(B)

　　For some women the cost of giving birth can be an unexpectedly large burden. The average normal birth now costs $3,200, and a birth with complications can cost thousands of dollars more. Of women in the primary childbearing age range of eighteen to twenty-four, who account for about 40 percent of all births in this country annually,more than 25 percent have no health-care insurance to pay maternity costs.　

　　If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true?

　　Each year, about 75 percent of all births in this country are to women who　have health-care coverage of maternity costs.

　　Each year, about 60 percent of all births in this country are to women who  are younger than eighteen or older than twenty-four.

　　For an average birth, health-care insurance pays about 75 percent of　$3,200.

　　In this country, about 75 percent of the women who do not have health-care coverage of maternity costs are younger than eighteen or older than　twenty-four.

　　In this country, nearly 75 percent of the women in the primary childbearing　age range give birth with no complications.

　　答案：(B)

　　One theory of the Moon's origin is that the Earth, early in its development,was a rapidly rotating body of molten rock in which most of the iron had settled to the core; some of this fluid was cast off from the surface of the spinning mass and later solidified to form the Moon.

　　Which of the following conclusions can best be supported by the theory above of the Moon's origin, if that theory is correct?　

　　The Moon is the only sizable heavenly body in orbit around the Earth.

　　The Moon has proportionally less iron at its core than the Earth does.

　　The surface of the Moon solidified after the surface of the Earth did.

　　Most of the fluid cast off from the Earth was dispersed into outer space.

　　The Moon, like the Earth, has a solid surface and a molten core.

　　答案：(B)

　　问题: 下面那一个结论最好地被上面月球起源的理论所支持

　　分析: (答案B)

　　* 这是上对下的support　

　　A. only，这个绝对化的词语在文中并没有体现，我们不知道还有没有别的球体绕地球转。

　　C. after，没有涉及solidified的时间顺序。

　　D. most，绝对化。

　　E. 没有说moon是否是这样。

　　This project is the first step in a long-range plan of research whose ------ goal, still many years off, is the creation of a new prototype.

　　cooperative

　　reasoned

　　original

　　ultimate

　　intentional

　　答案：(D)

　　long-range: a.1、长远的，未来的，长期的 2、远程的

　　prototype: n.1、原型，样本 2、模范，典型

　　reasoned: a.1、经缜密推断分析的，详尽论述的

　　ultimate: a.最后的，最终的

　　该项目是某一长期研究计划的第一步，其终极目标--尚有多年之遥--旨在创立一种全新的原型

　　Eric was frustrated because, although he was adept at making lies sound -----, when telling the truth, he -----the power to make himself believed.

　　plausible.. lacked

　　convincing.. held

　　honest.. found

　　true.. acquired

　　logical.. claimed

　　答案：(A)

　　frustrate: v.使灰心，使恼怒而不知所措

　　be adept at: v.熟练于，擅长于

　　plausible: a.貌似有理（或真实）的

　　埃里克倍感气恼，因为虽然他擅长于使谎言听起来貌似真实可信，但当他说实话时，他却缺乏能力使自己为他人所相信。

　　In certain forms of discourse such as the parable, the central point of a message can be effectively communicated even though this point is not -------.

　　preferred

　　explicit

　　inferable

　　discerned

　　illustrated

　　答案：(B)

　　discourse: n.1、论文 2、演讲 3、谈话 4、（语言学）语段

　　parable: n.1、道德小故事，（说教性）寓言 2、谜一般的格言，隐晦的比较

　　message: n.（作品的）启示，教训，寓意，中心思想

　　communicate: v.1、传达，传播 2、传染 3、显露

　　explictit: a.详述的，明确（晰）的，显然可见的，直言的，坦率的

　　inferable: a.可推论（定）的

　　discern: v.1、看出，觉察出 2、认识，了解 3、识别，区别，认出 4、辨明，分清

　　illustrate: v.1、说明，阐明，显示 2、给...作插图说明 3、启发，启迪 4、照明

　　在某些诸如寓言一类的文体中，某一主题的要旨即使不是显而易见的，也能有效地传达给读者。

　　Always circumspect, she was reluctant to make judgments,but once arriving at a conclusion, she was ------ in its defense.

　　nonplussed

　　obsequious

　　intransigent

　　deferential

　　negligent

　　答案：(C)

　　circumspect: a.谨慎小心的，慎重的

　　nonplus: v.使迷惑，使为难，使狼狈

　　obsequious: a. 躬屈膝，拍马奉承的

　　intransigent: a.不妥协的，不让步的，不调和的

　　deferential: a.恭敬的，惯于顺从的

　　negligent: a. 忽的，粗心大意的

　　由于一贯谨小慎微的，她不愿轻易作出判断，但一旦达成结论，便会不遗余力地予以辩护，毫不妥协

　　The techniques now available to livestock breeders will continue to be ------, but will probably be ----- by new ones under development.

　　fruitful.. reversed

　　refined.. upgraded

　　inconvenient.. reassessed

　　used.. supplemented

　　harmless.. improved

　　答案：(D)

　　available: a.1、在手边的，现成可使用的，可利用的 2、可获得的 3、可取得联系的，可接见的

　　livestock: n.家畜，牲畜

　　breeder: n.1、饲养动物的人 2、产仔的动物，繁殖的植物 3、来源，起因

　　under development: n.在研制开发阶段中的

　　reverse: v.使反向，使倒转，逆转，颠倒

　　refine: v.1、提炼，精炼，精制 2、提去，炼去，减小 3、净化，使...升华

　　upgrade: v.1、使升级，提高 2、改良品种，提高质量

　　supplement: v.1、增补，补充 2、补遗，附录，增刊 3、补给

　　现在能为牲畜饲养者所获得的技术将会继续得到使用，但很有可能会被正在研制中的新技术所补充。

　　Any population increase beyond a certain level necessi-tates greater ------- vegetable foods; thus, the ability of a society to choose meat over cereals always arises,in part, from ------ the number of people.

　　reliance on.. replenishing

　　production of.. estimating

　　spending on.. concealing

　　recourse to.. limiting

　　attention to.. varying

　　答案：(D)

　　necessitate: v.使成为必需，需要

　　choose...over...: v.选择...而不选择...

　　cereal: n.谷类植物（或食物）

　　replenish: v.把...再备足，补充

　　recourse(to): n.依靠（赖），求助

　　任何人口增长超过了某一限度，必然会导致更大程度上对素食的依赖；因此，任何一个社会若能将在选择食物时偏重肉类食物而偏废谷类食物，则这种能力总在某种程度上取决于人口数量的限制。

　　Ethologists are convinced that many animals survive

　　through learning-but learning that is ----- their genetic

　　programming, learning as thoroughly ------- as the most

　　instinctive of behavioral responses.

　　superseded by.. primitive

　　compatible with.. transient

　　complementary to.. familiar

　　derived from.. inventive

　　dictated by.. stereotyped

　　答案：(E)

　　ethology: n.1、（性格）形成学，道德体系学 2、（动物）个体生态学，行为学

　　programming: n.程序编制

　　instinctive: a.本能的，天性的，直觉的

　　supersede: v.取代，替代

　　compatible: a.能和睦相处的，合得来的，协调的 2、亲和的 3、可异花受精的

　　transient: a.1、短暂的，转瞬即逝的，无常的 2、临时的，路过的

　　complementary: a.1、补充的，补足的，互为补充的，相配的 2、互补的

　　derive from: v.缘起于，导源于

　　dictate: v.规定，支配，命令

　　stereotyped:1、已成陈规的，刻板的 2、固定不变的，定型的

　　动物行为学家深信，许多动物通过学习得以生存下来，但是，这种学习行为取决于其遗传程序，犹如最为本能的行为反应那样，显得彻底的机械刻板。

　　OSTRICH: BIRD::

　　caterpillar: moth

　　lizard: frog

　　bud: leaf

　　tiger: cat

　　gust: storm

　　答案：(D)

　　鸵鸟:鸟

　　毛虫:蛾，蛀虫

　　蜥蜴:青蛙

　　嫩芽:树叶

　　老虎:猫科动物

　　阵风:暴风雨

　　WARDROBE: CLOTHES::

　　stove: crockery

　　bookcase: books

　　drawer: shelves

　　pantry: medicine

　　necklace: earrings

　　答案：(B)

　　衣柜(全部服装n.):衣服

　　炉子:瓦器

　　书橱:书

　　抽屉:架子，壁架

　　食品室:药品

　　项链:耳饰

　　PRACTICING: EXPERTISE::

　　thinking: logic

　　writing: clarity

　　growing: health

　　exercising : strength

　　eating : nutrition

　　答案：(D)

　　实践:专门技能

　　思考:逻辑

　　写作:清晰

　　成长:健康

　　锻炼:强壮、力量

　　吃:营养

　　ARTERY: PLAQUE::

　　river: levee

　　track : switch

　　channel : silt

　　information : flow

　　tunnel : wall

　　答案：(C)

　　动脉:血管内病变区(招牌n.)　

　　河流:防洪堤

　　足迹，小道:开关

　　航道，通道:淤泥

　　信息:流动

　　隧道:墙

　　ANECDOTE: STORY::

　　film : theater

　　chapter : novel

　　lyric : song

　　joke: parody

　　skit : play

　　答案：(E)

　　轶事，小趣闻:故事

　　电影:剧院

　　章，节:小说

　　抒情诗:歌曲

　　玩笑:滑稽嘲弄性模仿

　　幽默短剧:戏剧

　　SUPPLANT: REPLACE::

　　snatch : take

　　beg: invite

　　convict: accuse

　　savor: gulp

　　miss: lose

　　答案：(A)

　　排挤:取代，代替

　　攫取:拿走

　　乞求:邀请

　　定罪(确信v.):指控

　　品味，味道:狼吞虎咽

　　错过:丢失，失去

　　ALLERGY: REACTION::

　　rash: body

　　lancet: instrument

　　antihistamine: symptom

　　cocoon : skeleton

　　pollen: flower

　　答案：(B)

　　过敏症:反应

　　皮疹(轻率的adj.):身体

　　柳叶刀:仪器，工具

　　抗组织胺药:症状

　　茧:骨架，概要

　　花粉:花

　　APHORISTIC: TERSE::

　　eloquent: ornate

　　esoteric: important

　　hyperbolic: exaggerated

　　metaphorical : fantastic

　　equivocal : straightforward

　　答案：(C)

　　格言警句的:简洁的

　　雄辩的:华丽的

　　秘传的，神秘的:重要的

　　夸张法的:夸大的

　　隐喻的:奇异的，极好的

　　模糊两可的:直接了当的

　　ZEALOUS: ENTHUSIASTIC::

　　pedantic : educated

　　flamboyant: stylish

　　cautious: prudent

　　pious : virtuous

　　idolatrous: devoted

　　答案：(E)

　　十分热心的:热情的

　　迂腐气的:受过教育的

　　艳丽的，浮夸的:时髦的，入时的

　　小心的:谨慎的

　　虔诚的:有美德的

　　偶像崇拜的:虔诚的，献身的

　　Scholars often fail to see that music　played an important role in the　preservation of African culture in the　United States. They correctly note that slavery stripped some cultural　elements from Black people-their　political and economic systems-but　theynderestimate the significance of　music in sustaining other African cultural values. African music,　unlike the music of some other　cultures, was based on a total vision　of life in which music was not an　isolated social domain. In African culture music was pervasive, serving　not only religion, but all phases of　life, including birth, death, work, and　play. The methods that a community　devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the　cultural legacy that that community　perceives as essential. Music, like　art in general, was so inextricably a　part of African culture that it became a crucial means of preserving the　culture during and after the　dislocations of slavery.

　　The primary purpose of the passage is to analyze the impact that slavery had on African political and economic systems review the attempt of recent scholarship to study the influence of African music on other music correct the failure of some scholars to appreciate the significance of music in African culture survey the ways by which people attempt to preserve their culture against the effects of oppression compare the relative importance of music with that of other art forms in culture

　　答案：(C)

　　学者们经常无从认识到，在美国，音乐在非洲文化的保存中曾发挥了至为重要的作用。虽然这些学者不无道理地指出，奴隶制从黑人身上剥夺了某些文化因素——他们的政治与经济体制，但学者们没能充分估计到音乐在维系其它非洲文化价值方面的重要性。与某些其它文化的音乐所不同，非洲音乐以对人生的全部理解为其基础，这其中，音乐并非是一种孤立的社会范畴。在非洲文化中，音乐无所不在，充斥着一切，不仅仅有服务于宗教，而且服务于生活的所有方面，包括生老病死，工作与娱乐。一个社会所创造出来藉以使其自身生生不息、恒久不衰的方法得以形成产生，以保存在这个社会看来具有本质意义的文化遗产的各个方面。音乐，犹如一般意义上的艺术一样，构成了非洲文化中如此不可分割的一个部分，以至于它在奴隶制的解体过程中以及在奴隶制解体之后，变成了保存文化的至关重要的手段。

　　In line 14, the phrase "isolated social domain" refers to

　　African music in relation to contemporary culture as a whole

　　music as it may be perceived in non-African cultures

　　a feature of African music that aided in transmitting African cultural values

　　an aspect of the African cultural legacy the influence of music on contemporary culture

　　答案：(B)

　　Which of the following statements concerning the function of African music can be inferred from the passage?

　　It preserved cultural values because it was thoroughly integrated into the lives of the people.

　　It was more important in the development of African religious life than in other areas of culture.

　　It was developed in response to the loss of political and economic systems.

　　Its pervasiveness in African culture hindered its effectiveness in minimizing the impact of slavery.

　　Its isolation from the economic domains of life enabled it to survive the destructive impact of slavery.

　　答案：(A)　　

　　According to the author, scholars would err in drawing which of the following conclusions?

　　I. Slavery stripped the slaves of their 　political and economic systems.

　　II. African music was similar to all 　other traditions of music in that it 　originated in a total vision of life.

　　III. Music was a crucial part of the 　African cultural legacy.

　　I only

　　II only

　　I and II only

　　II and III only

　　I, II, and III

　　答案：(B)　

　　Traditionally,pollination by wind has 　been viewed as a reproductive process　marked by random events in which the　vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen, so that the ultimate production of　new seeds is assured at the expense of　producing much more pollen than is　actually used.Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as　they are transported over long distances　are enormous,windpollinated plants have,　in the view above, compensated for the　ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an　amount of pollen that is one to three　orders of magnitude greater than the　amount produced by species pollinated　by insects.

　　However, a number of features that are　characteristic of wind-pollinated plants　reduce pollen waste.For example, many　wind-pollinated species fail to release　pollen when wind speeds are low or when humid conditions prevail. Recent studies　suggest another way in which species　compensate for the inefficiency of wind　pollination. These studies suggest that　species frequently take advantage of the physics of pollen motion by generating　specific aerodynamic environments within　the immediate vicinity of their female　reproductive organs. It is the　morphology of these organs that dictates the pattern of airflow disturbances　through which pollen must travel.The　speed and direction of the airflow　disturbances can combine with the　physical properties of a species' pollen to produce a species-specific pattern of　pollen collision on the surfaces of　female reproductive organs. Provided　that these surfaces are strategically　located, the consequences of this combination can significantly increase 　the pollen-capture efficiency of a female　reproductive organ.

　　A critical question that remains to be　answered is whether the morphological attributes of the female reproductive　organs of wind-pollinated species are　evolutionary adaptations to wind　pollination or are merely fortuitous. A　complete resolution of the question is as yet impossible since adaptation must be　evaluated for each species within its own　unique functional context. However, it　must be said that, while evidence of such　evolutionary adaptations does exist in some species, one must be careful about　attributing morphology to adaptation.　For example, the spiral arrangement of　scale-bract complexes on ovule-bearing　pine cones,where the female reproductive organs of conifers are located, is　important to the production of airflow　patterns that spiral over the cone's　surfaces, thereby passing airborne pollen　from one scale to the next. However, these patterns cannot be viewed as an　adaptation to wind pollination because　the spiral arrangement occurs in a number　of non-wind-pollinated plant lineages and　is regarded as a characteristic of vascular plants, of which conifers are　only one kind, as a whole. Therefore, the　spiral arrangement is not likely to be　the result of a direct adaptation to wind　pollination.

　　The author of the passage is primarily concerned with discussing the current debate on whether the morphological attributes of wind- ollinated plants are evolutionary adaptations the kinds of airflow patterns that permit wind-pollinated plants to capture pollen most efficiently the ways in which the reproduc- tive processes of wind-pollinated plants are controlled by random events a recently proposed explanation of a way in which wind-pollinated plants reduce pollen waste a specific morphological attribute that permits one species of wind- pollinated plant to capture pollen

　　答案：(D)

　　在传统研究中，由风导致的授粉过程一直被视作是一个以随机事件为标志的繁殖过程，在此过程中，风的不规则性由于大量花粉的产生而得以补偿，因此，新种子的繁殖得以保证，而此举的代价是所需产生的花粉要远超过实际的使用量。由于花粉粒在其长距离的运输过程中所要面临的潜在危险是巨大的，按上述观点来看，由风授粉的植物补偿了通过偶发事件而伴随造成的花粉损失。其途径是，制造出大于昆虫授粉的植物种类所产生的花粉量的一至三个数量级的花粉量。

　　然而，一系列为风授粉植物所独有的特征可减少花粉浪费。例如，许多风授粉植物种类在风速过慢或当湿度条件占上风时，就停止释放花粉。近期的研究表明，植物还利用另一种方法来补偿风授粉的低下效率。这些研究显示，植物经常通过在紧靠其雌性植物生殖器官的附近区域形成特定的空气动力环境，从而来利用花粉运动的物理原理。正是这些生殖器官的形态规定着气流干扰的模式，而花粉的传播则必须经由这一模式来进行。气流干扰的速度及方向会和某一植物种类花粉的物理属性结合起来，在雌性植物生殖器官一表面产生一种该植物种类所特有的花粉碰撞模式。只要在这些表面进行战略性的部署，这种组合所带来的结果就能大大提高雌性生殖器官的花粉捕捉效率。

　　一个仍有待于回答的关键问题是，风授花植物种类的雌性生殖器官兵形状态特征是否是对风授粉的一种演变适应，或仅仅只是偶然发生的。对这一问题的彻底解答迄今为止尚不可能，因为对于每一种植物来说，适应必须在其自身独特的功能背景中进行评估。然而，必须指出的是，尽管在某些植物种类中确实存在着这样的演变适应的证据，但我们仍然应该对将形状归因于适应持审慎的态度。例如，带有胚珠的松球的鳞苞综合体的螺旋状安排，亦即松柏目植物雌性殖器官的所在位置，对于气流模式的形成与产生殊为重要，而这些气流模式在松球的表现盘旋上升，从而把在空气中飞行的花粉从一个鳞苞传播至下一个鳞苞。但是，这些模式不能被视作对于风授粉的一种适应，因为螺旋形安排出现在一系列非风授粉的植物后裔身上，并被视作全部维管植物的一个特征，而松柏目植物仅是维管植物中的其中一种。因此，这种螺旋形安排不太可能是对风授粉的一种直接适应所带来的结果。

　　The author suggests that expla-nations of wind pollination that　emphasize the production of vast　quantities of pollen to compensate　for the randomness of the pollination　process are　debatable and misleading　ingenious and convincing　accurate but incomplete　intriguing but controversial　plausible but unverifiable

　　答案：(C)

　　According to the passage,the "aerodynamic　environments" mentioned in line 31, when　they are produced, are primarily determined　by the　presence of insects near the plant　physical　properties of the plant's pollen　shape of the plant's female reproductive　organs　amount of pollen generated by the plant　number of seeds produced by the plant

　　答案：(C)

　　According to the passage, true statements　about the release of pollen by　wind-pollinated plants include which of the　following.?

　　I. The release can be affected by certain　environmental factors.

　　II. The amount of pollen released　increases on a rainy day.

　　III. Pollen is sometimes not released by　plants when there is little wind.

　　II only

　　III only

　　I and II only

　　I and III only

　　I, II, and III

　　答案：(D)

　　The passage suggests that the recent　studies cited in lines 25-28 have not done　which of the following?

　　Made any distinctions between different　species of wind-pollinated plants.　

　　Considered the physical properties of the　pollen that is produced by wind-pollinated　plants.

　　Indicated the general range within which　plant-generated airflow disturbances are apt　to occur.

　　Included investigations of the physics of　pollen motion and its relationship to the　efficient capture of pollen by the female　reproductive organs of wind-pollinated　plants.

　　Demonstrated that the morphological　attributes of the female reproductive organs　of　wind-pollinated plants are usually　evolutionary adaptations to wind pollination.

　　答案：(E)　　

　　It can be inferred from the passage that the　claim that the spiral arrangement of　scale-bract complexes on an ovule-bearing　pine cone is an adaptation to wind　pollination would be more convincing if　which of the following were true?

　　Such an arrangement occurred only in　wind-pollinated plants.

　　Such an arrangement occurred in vascular　plants as a whole.

　　Such an arrangement could be shown to　be beneficial to pollen release.

　　The number of bracts could be shown to　have increased over time.

　　The airflow patterns over the cone's　surfaces could be shown to be produced　by such arrangements.

　　答案：(A)

　　Which of the following, if known, is likely　to have been the kind of evidence used to　support the view described in the first　paragraph?

　　Wind speeds need not be very low for　wind-pollinated plants to fail to release　pollen.

　　The female reproductive organs of plants　often have a sticky surface that allows　them to trap airborne pollen　systematically.

　　Grasses, as well as conifers, generate　specific aerodynamic environments within　the immediate vicinity of their　reproductive organs.

　　Rain showers often wash airborne pollen　out of the air before it ever reaches an　appropriate plant.

　　The density and size of an airborne　pollen grain are of equal importance in　determining whether that grain will be　captured by a plant.

　　答案：(D)